Economists prefer to consider one factor at a time and keep the other factors fixed in order to study the change in the factors impacting the market more easily. Although this method is difficult to implement in the actual world, it simplifies the understanding of an economic model.
For example, demand for ordinary items can rise as a consumer's income rises or as the price of these goods falls. Economists will strive to isolate both variables and consider only one factor at a time, keeping the other constant, in order to make their study easier.