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Use traditional Keynesian analysis to evaluate the effects of discretionary fiscal policies.

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We conclude this paper with a summary and its impact on policy. Gaberetal. (2013) suggested that when considering the transmission mechanism of fiscal policy, an important assumption of the model is whether the actors are positive, as explained in the section above (Section 2.1.2.1). And 2.1.2.2). In the absence of micro-based positive behavior, expected future changes will not affect the determination of the current period, but positive consumers with reasonable expectations will be the future of the current period. Responds to expected changes in variables

Step by step solution

01

Step 1- Introduction

From a Keynesian perspective, discretionary fiscal policy stabilizes the trade cycle within the short term, tax cuts and better government spending will result in higher personal consumption and thus aggregate demand. This is often because of market flaws like short-sighted behavior and price rigidity within the labor and goods markets.

02

- Effects of discretionary fiscal policies

The effects of economic policy shocks still be hotly debated, as neither theoretical nor empirical studies have reached consensus on the qualitative or quantitative characteristics of such effects (Franta, 2012). "The effectiveness of economic policy to stimulate the important economy is an ongoing intellectual debate in prominent academic journals and prominent columns," Gaber, (2013). "As the world recession of 2008 struck the planet, interest in using economic policy as an effective efficient policy tool has recently revived.

03

Step 3- Keynesian model

The Keynesian model was created primarily during the nice Depression. Normally, Early Keynesian emphasized that economic policy state decision revenue and public spending level could have a major impact on level output and employment. Macroeconomics overall has two basic theories fluctuation (recession, expansion): classic and political Keynesian.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Based on Schwinn's conclusions, is the government likely to be able to boost real GDP with an increase in government spending if it has raised and lowered its expenditures a number of times in previous months? Explain your reasoning.

Determine whether each of the following is an example of a situation in which there is indirect crowding out resulting from an expansionary fiscal policy action.

a. The government provides a subsidy to help keep an existing firm operating, even though a group of investors otherwise would have provided a cash infusion that would have kept the company in business.

b. The government reduces its taxes without decreasing its expenditures. To cover the resulting budget deficit, it borrows more funds from the private sector, thereby pushing up the market interest rate and discouraging private planned investment spending.

c. Government expenditures fund construction of a high-rise office building on a plot of land where a private company otherwise would have constructed an essentially identical building.

A government is currently operating with an annual budget deficit of \(40 billion. The government has determined that every \)10 billion reduction in the amount it borrows each year would reduce the market interest rate by 0.1 percentage point. Furthermore, it has determined that every 0.1-percentage-point change in the market interest rate generates a change in planned investment expenditures in the opposite direction equal to \(5 billion. The marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. Finally, the government knows that to eliminate an inflationary gap and take into account the resulting change in the price level, it must generate a net leftward shift in the aggregate demand curve equal to \)40 billion. Assuming that there are no direct expenditure offsets to fiscal policy, how much should the government increase taxes? (Hint: How much new private investment spending is induced by each $10 billion decrease in government spending? )

Suppose that Congress and the president decide that the nation's economic performance is weakening and that the government should "do something" about the situation. They make no tax changes but do enact new laws increasing government spending on a variety of programs.

a. Prior to the congressional and presidential action, careful studies by government economists indicated that the Keynesian multiplier effect of a rise in government expenditures on equilibrium real GDP per year is equal to 3. In the 12 months since the increase in government spending, however, it has become clear that the actual ultimate effect on real GDP will be less than half of that amount. What factors might account for this?

b. Another year and a half elapses following passage of the government spending boost. The government has undertaken no additional policy actions, nor have there been any other events of significance. Nevertheless, by the end of the second year, real GDP has returned to its original level, and the price level has increased sharply, Provide a possible explanation for this outcome.

Assume that the Ricardian equivalence theorem is not relevant. Explain why an income-tax-rate cut should affect short-run equilibrium real GDP.

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