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Chapter 16: Q.19 - Problems (page 369)

Take a look at the two panels of figure 16.2, and also consider figure 16-1. Suppose that instructions in the latest FOMC Directive call for a monetary policy action aimed at inducing individuals & businesses to demand a smaller quantity of money. Use appropriate panel of figure 16-2 to assist in explaining whether officials at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's Trading desk should buy or sell bonds.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The desk should sell securities to decrease the interest rate in economy.

Step by step solution

01

FOMC Concept 

Federal Open Market Operations means buying & selling of government securities in open market. It is used as a monetary (quantitative) credit control tools.

  • Central bank buys securities (giving commercial banks & public cash) - to increase money supply, liquidity in economy.
  • Central bank sells securities (getting cash from commercial banks & public) - to decrease money supply, liquidity in economy
02

Explanation 

Interest rate is the price of money, so it is directly related to money supply.

More money supply implies low interest rates, & less money supply implies high interest rate in the economy.

  • So, when central bank sells securities & decreases money supply - it leads to higher interest rates in the economy.

Higher interest rates imply that funds are expensive for households & firms, so their consumption & investment expenditure respectively decrease.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Suppose that, initially, the U.S. economy was in an aggregate demand-aggregate supply equilibrium at point A along with the aggregate demand curve AD in the diagram below. Now, however, the value of the U.S. dollar suddenly appreciates relative to foreign currencies. This appreciation happens to have no measurable effects on either the short-run or the long-run aggregate supply curve in the United States. It does, however, influence U.S. aggregate demand.

a. Explain in your own words how the dollar appreciation will affect net export expenditures in the United States.

b. Of the alternative aggregate demand curves depicted in the figure- AD1versus AD2which could represent the aggregate demand effect of the U.S. dollar's appreciation? What effects does the appreciation have on real GDP and the price level?

c. What policy action might the Federal Reserve take to prevent the dollar's appreciation from affecting equilibrium real GDP in the short run?

Evaluate how expansionary and contractionary monetary policy actions affect equilibrium real GDP and the price level in the short run.

Assume that the following conditions exist :

a. All banks are fully loaned up - there are no excess reserves, and desired excess reserves are always zero.

b. The money multiplier is 3.

c. The planned investment schedule is such that at a 6percent rate of interest, the investment is \(1200billion; at 5 percent, investment is \)1225billion

d. The investment multiplier is 3.

e. The initial equilibrium level of real GDP is \(18trillion.

f. The equilibrium rate of interest is 6percent.

Now the Fed engages in expansionary monetary policy. It buys \)1billion worth of bonds, which increases the money supply, which in turn lowers the market rate of interest by 1percentage point. Determine how much money supply must have increased, and then trace out the numerical consequences of the associated reduction in interest rates on all the other variables mentioned.

To implement a credit policy intended to expand the liquidity of the banking system, the Fed desires to increase its assets by lending to a substantial number of banks. How might the Fed adjust the interest rate that it pays banks on reserves in order to induce them to hold the reserves required for funding this credit policy action? What will happen to the Fed's liabilities if it implements this policy action?

Take a look at Figure 16-6. Suppose that a multiple reduction in GDP is the final outcome that the Fed desires in the last box in the figure. Explain the required directions of efforts - that increases or decreases - that most occur in the preceding boxes in the figure in order to yield in this desired decrease in real GDP
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