Question

List the five major components of a computer system.

Short answer

Answer: The five major components are: 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): The processor or the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. 2. Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data and instructions required by the computer when a software program runs. 3. Storage (Hard Drive / SSD): Permanent data and software program storage devices, retaining data even when the power is turned off. 4. Input and Output Devices: Devices that allow users to enter data and instructions into the computer (input) and display or communicate results (output). 5. Motherboard: The central circuit board that connects all the computer's components and manages data flow between them.

Step-by-step solution

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is also called the processor. It is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. The CPU interprets and carries out software program instructions, and it controls and coordinates the actions of all the other hardware components.

2. Memory (RAM)

Memory, specifically Random Access Memory (RAM), is responsible for temporarily storing data and information that the computer needs to access quickly. Whenever a software program runs, it stores necessary data and instructions in the RAM. It is a form of volatile memory, which means that the data stored is lost when the power is turned off.

3. Storage (Hard Drive / SSD)

Storage devices, such as hard disk drives (HDD) or solid-state drives (SSD), are used to store data and software programs permanently. Unlike RAM, these storage devices are non-volatile, which means that they retain the data even when the power is turned off. HDDs use spinning disks to read and write data, while SSDs use flash memory technology for faster access to data.

4. Input and Output Devices

Input devices such as keyboards, mice, and touchscreens, allow users to enter data and instructions into the computer system. Output devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers, enable the computer to display or communicate the results of the software program processing to the user or other devices.

5. Motherboard

The motherboard serves as the central circuit board that connects all the computer's components. It provides sockets for the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and expansion cards such as graphics and network cards. Additionally, the motherboard also includes connections for input and output devices. It manages the data flow between all these components by sending signals through the various integrated circuits and buses.