Question

What value will be stored in the variable \(t\) after each of the following statements executes? A) \(t=(12>1)\); _______ B) \(t=(2<0)\); _______ C) \(t=(5=(3 * 2))\); _______ D) t=(5=5); _______

Short answer

Answer: - Expression A: t=1 - Expression B: t=0 - Expression C: t=0 - Expression D: t=1

Step-by-step solution

Evaluate Expression A

For expression A, the comparison is \((12>1)\). Since 12 is greater than 1, the comparison is true. Thus, \(t=1\) for expression A.

Evaluate Expression B

For expression B, the comparison is \((2<0)\). Since 2 is not less than 0, the comparison is false. Thus, \(t=0\) for expression B.

Evaluate Expression C

For expression C, the comparison is \((5=(3*2))\). Since \(5 \neq (3*2)\), the comparison is false. Thus, \(t=0\) for expression C.

Evaluate Expression D

For expression D, the comparison is \((5=5)\). Since 5 is equal to 5, the comparison is true. Thus, \(t=1\) for expression D. To sum up, the value of variable \(t\) for each expression is: - Expression A: \(t=1\) - Expression B: \(t=0\) - Expression C: \(t=0\) - Expression D: \(t=1\)

Key concepts

Boolean Logic

In C++, Boolean logic is essential for making decisions. Boolean logic uses two truth values: true and false. In computer language, these are most commonly represented as 1 for true and 0 for false.
Logical expressions, such as those seen in comparisons, will evaluate to either true or false.
This evaluation determines control flow and logical decisions within a program. Understanding Boolean logic can help you decide outcomes based on varying conditions by using logical operators like 'AND', 'OR', and 'NOT'. For example:

• 'AND' ( && ) checks if both conditions are true.
• 'OR' ( || ) checks if at least one condition is true.
• 'NOT' ( ! ) inverts the truth value of a condition.

In our exercise, when a comparison is true, the variable `t` is assigned the Boolean value of true or 1.

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are crucial in evaluating expressions. They compare two values, and the outcome is either true or false based on the comparison.
The most commonly used comparison operators in C++ include:

• > (greater than)
• < (less than)
• == (equal to)
• != (not equal to)
• >= (greater than or equal to)
• <= (less than or equal to)

The exercise examples show how these operators are used: - Expression A: The comparison `12 > 1` is true because 12 is indeed greater than 1. - Expression B: The comparison `2 < 0` is false because 2 is not less than 0. These comparisons decide the value of variable `t` as true or false.

Variable Assignment

Variable assignment is a crucial concept in C++ programming. It involves assigning a value to a variable so that it can be used later in the program.
It includes the use of the assignment operator =, different from the equality operator, which checks equivalence.
For instance, if you say t = (12 > 1), you assign the result of the logical expression to the variable `t`.
If the expression evaluates to true, `t` will be assigned the Boolean value of 1, representing true. When using assignment, ensure that the expression on the right is valid and provides a result that can be stored in the variable. In certain cases, trying to use comparison operators incorrectly can lead to unintended assignments or logic errors.

C++ Programming

C++ programming is a robust language utilized for system and application programming. Understanding logical expressions in C++ is fundamental to using the language effectively.
Whether you are coding simple applications or complex systems, this understanding guides your flow control and logic formulation. Key elements in C++ include:

• Data types
• Operators
• Control structures like loops and conditionals

Logical expressions are prevalent in conditional statements such as `if`, `else`, and loops. They help programmers test conditions and execute code based on the outcomes of these tests. Having a strong foundation in how logic works within C++ will greatly assist you in writing clean, efficient, and understandable code.