Question

Write a pseudocode algorithm for a program that asks the user to enter a golfer's score for three games of golf, and then displays the average of the three scores. After you write the pseudocode algorithm, convert it to a complete \(\mathrm{C}_{++}\) program.

Short answer

Question: Write a pseudocode algorithm for a program that calculates the average score of a golfer based on their scores in three games of golf. Answer: 1. Initialize variables: score1, score2, score3, average 2. Prompt user to input scores for three games of golf and store in respective variables (score1, score2, score3) 3. Calculate the average score by adding scores (score1 + score2 + score3) and dividing the sum by 3 4. Store the result in the 'average' variable 5. Display the average score to the user

Step-by-step solution

Initializing variables

Start by initializing three variables for the golfer's scores (score1, score2, score3) and a variable for the average score (average).

Taking user input

Prompt the user to enter the golfer's scores for three games of golf. Store these scores in the respective variables (score1, score2, score3).

Calculate the average score

Add the three scores (score1, score2, score3) and divide the sum by 3 to compute the average. Store the result in the 'average' variable.

Display the average score

Print the average score to the console. #Phase 2: C++ Program# ```cpp #include using namespace std; int main() { // Step 1: Initializing variables double score1, score2, score3, average; // Step 2: Taking user input cout << "Enter the golfer's score for the first game: "; cin >> score1; cout << "Enter the golfer's score for the second game: "; cin >> score2; cout << "Enter the golfer's score for the third game: "; cin >> score3; // Step 3: Calculate the average score average = (score1 + score2 + score3) / 3; // Step 4: Display the average score cout << "The average score of the golfer is: " << average << endl; return 0; } ``` After running this C++ program, the user will enter the golfer's scores for three games, and the program will display the average of those three scores.

Key concepts

Pseudocode

Pseudocode serves as a bridge between your problem and the actual code, being a tool that represents the algorithm in a structured but human-readable form. It is not bound by the syntax rules of any particular programming language. Instead, pseudocode focuses on the logic behind the algorithm. In our exercise, you would start by describing the steps it takes to calculate the average score of a golfer over three games. You begin by initializing variables for individual scores and the average, then prompting the user for input, calculating the average, and finally, displaying the result. Pseudocode is particularly useful when planning your program's structure and logic before diving into the actual code, making complex processes more understandable.

User Input in C++

For any program that requires the user's interaction, obtaining input is essential. In C++, this is typically achieved using the cin object, which stands for 'character input'. The 'extraction operator' >> is used to direct the input into a variable. In our solution, we use cin three times to get the golfer’s scores for each game. It's important to provide clear prompts to the user, hence using cout to display instructions on what information is expected. When gathering user input, always consider validity checks to ensure the program can handle unexpected inputs without crashing.

Average Calculation

The mathematical procedure to find an average is straightforward: sum all the values and then divide by the number of values. In programming, this is an elementary operation but is pivotal in data analysis and statistics. The formula for the average of three numbers, \(score1, score2, score3\), is \(\frac{score1 + score2 + score3}{3}\). The step-by-step solution shows first adding up the individual scores then dividing the total by 3, assigning this result to a variable named 'average'. In any calculation, paying attention to the data types is crucial; thus, using a 'double' type for the average allows for decimal precision in the result.

C++ Program Structure

Our example incorporates a basic C++ program structure, beginning with preprocessor directives like #include<iostream> which allows us to use the standard I/O stream objects such as cin and cout. This is followed by a 'main' function, where the execution of our program begins. It's structured in a series of steps, each encapsulated by comments for clarity. This structure facilitates debugging and maintenance, with initialization, input commands, calculation, and output neatly segmented.

Understanding the structure is key to writing effective C++ programs, as it lays the groundwork for more complex projects where organization and readability become increasingly crucial. In writing C++ programs, maintaining a clean and clear structure not only helps you but also others who may read or work with your code in the future.