Question

Write an if/else statement that assigns 0 to \(\mathrm{x}\) when \(\mathrm{y}\) is equal to \(10 .\) Otherwise it should assign 1 to \(x\)

Short answer

Question: Given a variable y, write an if/else statement that assigns a value to a variable x based on the value of y. When y is equal to 10, assign 0 to x, and in any other case, assign 1 to x. Answer: ```python if y == 10: x = 0 else: x = 1 ```

Step-by-step solution

Understand the problem and identify the variables

The given problem asks us to write an if/else statement that assigns a value to the variable \(x\) based on the value of another variable \(y\). When \(y\) is equal to 10, our statement should assign 0 to \(x\), and in any other case, it should assign 1 to \(x\).

Write the if condition

We need to check if \(y\) is equal to 10 first. To do this, we can use the equality operator (==) in our if statement. If this condition is true, we will assign 0 to \(x\). In Python, this can be written as: ```python if y == 10: x = 0 ```

Write the else condition

If the condition in the if statement (y == 10) is not true, we want to assign 1 to \(x\). To do this, we can use an else statement in Python. The else statement only executes its block of code if the previous if statement's condition was false. Here's the complete code: ```python if y == 10: x = 0 else: x = 1 ``` Now, with this if/else statement, the value of \(x\) will be 0 if \(y\) is equal to 10, and 1 otherwise.

Key concepts

if statement

The `if` statement is a fundamental concept in C++ programming and decision-making logic. It is used to execute a block of code only if a specified condition is met. This allows the program to respond dynamically based on different situations or input values.

### Usage of the `if` Statement
An `if` statement starts by checking a condition. If the condition is true, the code block within the `if` statement runs. This can be helpful in situations where you want your program to react differently under certain conditions. Here’s the basic syntax in C++: ```cpp if (condition) { // code to execute if condition is true } ``` ### Practical Example For instance, in our exercise, we use an `if` statement to check if the variable `y` is equal to 10. If this condition holds, the statement assigns the value `0` to `x`. ```cpp if (y == 10) { x = 0; } ```
In this example, the `if` statement evaluates whether the condition `y == 10` is true. If it is, `x` is set to `0`. Otherwise, the program will continue to the `else` clause, or simply skip the block if there isn’t any.

else statement

After an `if` statement, the `else` statement provides an alternative action if the `if` condition turns out to be false. It's a way to ensure that some code is executed, no matter what. This increases the flexibility of decision-making in your programs. ### How the `else` Statement Works The `else` statement follows the `if` condition. It only executes when the `if` condition is false. This guarantees that at least one block of code will run. Here's the syntax you can use: ```cpp if (condition) { // code to execute if condition is true } else { // code to execute if condition is false } ``` ### Applying `else` in Practice In the provided exercise, we use the `else` statement to set `x` to `1` when `y` is not equal to 10. ```cpp if (y == 10) { x = 0; } else { x = 1; } ``` This structure ensures that no matter the value of `y`, `x` will be assigned a value: `0` if `y` is `10`, or `1` otherwise. This is how you provide a clear path for program flow when faced with binary decisions.

equality operator

In C++, the equality operator `==` plays a crucial role in comparing two values. It checks whether the two operands are equal. If they are, the result of the comparison is `true`; otherwise, it is `false`. ### Meaning and Use The equality operator is frequently used in conditional statements, like `if`, to determine the program's flow based on whether certain conditions are met. It is different from the assignment operator `=`, which is used to assign values to variables.

### Example of Equality Operator In the exercise, the equality operator is used to compare `y` with `10`. ```cpp if (y == 10) { x = 0; } ``` Here, `y == 10` checks if `y` is exactly equal to `10`. If yes, it allows the program to proceed to set `x` to `0`. Using `==` is vital for correct logic and ensuring the condition is evaluated as intended. Remember, a single `=` would not work here, as it would set `y` to `10` rather than comparing them.