Question

Write an if / else statement that prints "Excellent" when score is 90 or higher, "Good" when score is between 80 and 89 , and "Try Harder" when score is less than 80.

Short answer

a) Excellent b) Good c) Try Harder d) Nothing is printed

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Problem

We need to write an if/else statement that checks the value of a score and prints one of the following messages: - "Excellent" if score is 90 or higher - "Good" if score is between 80 and 89 - "Try Harder" if score is less than 80.

Write the Main If Condition

We will start by checking if the score is 90 or higher. If it is, we will print "Excellent". ```python if score >= 90: print("Excellent") ```

Add the First Else-If Condition

Next, we will add an elif condition to check if the score is between 80 and 89. If it is, we will print "Good". ```python if score >= 90: print("Excellent") elif score >= 80: print("Good") ```

Add the Final Else Condition

Finally, we will add an else condition to catch all other cases (when the score is less than 80). In this case, we will print "Try Harder". ```python if score >= 90: print("Excellent") elif score >= 80: print("Good") else: print("Try Harder") ``` Now, our if/else statement will print the appropriate message based on the value of the score variable.

Key concepts

if statement

The 'if statement' is an essential tool in programming that allows you to make decisions based on certain conditions. These conditions are expressions that evaluate to either true or false. When writing an if statement, you're basically instructing the computer to execute a block of code only if a specified condition is true.
For instance, in our exercise, we began by checking if the score is 90 or higher. The code will only print "Excellent" when the score meets or exceeds 90. The syntax for an if statement typically follows this structure:

• First, you use the keyword 'if'.
• Next, specify the condition in parentheses (though in Python, parentheses are optional).
• Lastly, follow it with a block of code to execute, typically after a colon (:).

This block should be indented for clarity and accuracy. Overall, the if statement is the starting point for controlling the flow of a program's logic.

elif statement

The 'elif statement' stands for "else if" and provides a way to chain multiple decisions in your code. After an 'if statement', if the initial condition is false, you can use an 'elif statement' to check another condition.
This allows for multiple layers of logic. For example, if a score isn't high enough to be considered "Excellent", the program checks if it falls in the range of 80 to 89 to print "Good" instead.

• Each 'elif' in your code requires its own condition to evaluate.
• Only the first true condition in the chain executes, and the rest are ignored.

The 'elif statement' is beneficial because it keeps your code organized and efficient by preventing the unnecessary execution of code blocks after finding a true condition. Thus, a programmer can make nuanced decisions based on multiple scenarios using elif.

else statement

The 'else statement' is the final part of the conditional decision-making process. It provides a fallback block of code that executes when none of the previous conditions are true. In essence, it acts as a "catch-all" solution.
In our example, even if a score doesn't meet the conditions for "Excellent" or "Good", the program will still print "Try Harder" because of the else statement.

• An else statement does not require a condition. It simply follows an if or elif chain.
• When used, it ensures that your program always has a defined outcome regardless of the input.

Ultimately, the else statement is crucial in ensuring that no input is left unaddressed, offering a predefined response for situations outside set parameters.