Question

Each of the following functions has errors. Locate as many errors as you can. A) void total(int valuel, value?, value3) B) double average(tnt valuel, tht value2, int value3) C) vold area (int length \(=30\), int width) D) void getValue( 1 nt values) E) \(1 /\) Overloaded functions

Short answer

, value3) B) double average(tnt valuel, tht value2, int value3) C) vold area (int length \(=30\), int width) D) void getValue(1 nt values) E) (1/) Overloaded functions Answer: A) void total(int value1, int value2, int value3) B) double average(int value1, int value2, int value3) C) void area(int length = 30, int width) D) void getValue(int values) E) // 1. Overloaded functions

Step-by-step solution

A) void total(int valuel, value?, value3)

The given function has the following errors: 1. Incorrect variable name 'value?'. Variable names should contain only letters, digits or underscores. 2. Missing data type for the parameter 'value?'. To correct the function, change the function signature as follows: ```cpp void total(int value1, int value2, int value3) ```

B) double average(tnt valuel, tht value2, int value3)

The given function has the following errors: 1. Incorrect data types 'tnt' and 'tht'. They should be 'int'. 2. Incorrect variable name 'valuel'. Use 'value1' instead. To correct the function, change the function signature as follows: ```cpp double average(int value1, int value2, int value3) ```

C) vold area (int length \(=30\), int width)

The given function has the following errors: 1. Incorrect return type 'vold'. It should be 'void'. 2. The equal sign '\(=\)' should be replaced with the assignment operator '=' for the default value assignment for the parameter 'length'. 3. The variable name 'width' in the parameter list should be changed to a valid name that follows C++ naming conventions. To correct the function, change the function signature as follows: ```cpp void area(int length = 30, int width) ```

D) void getValue( 1 nt values)

The given function has the following errors: 1. Incorrect data type 'nt' should be changed to 'int'. 2. Incorrect parameter name '1 nt values'. The parameter name should follow C++ naming conventions. To correct the function, change the function signature as follows: ```cpp void getValue(int values) ```

E) \(1 /\) Overloaded functions

This line seems to be an instruction or comment unrelated to the code. If this is the case, then it should be written as a comment using '//' in C++. To correct this line, change it as follows: ```cpp // 1. Overloaded functions ```

Key concepts

Variable Naming Conventions

When working with variables in C++, it's essential to follow proper naming conventions to ensure your code is easy to read and understand. A good variable name should be descriptive of its purpose but not overly long. In C++, there are some basic rules and best practices to keep in mind:

• Names should start with a letter or an underscore (_) but not with a number.
• After the first character, numbers can be included. For example, 'value1'.
• Variable names are case-sensitive, which means 'Value' and 'value' would be considered different variables.
• Special characters (like ?, !, or @) are not allowed.

Adopting consistent and meaningful naming helps both you and others understand the code more quickly. Avoid names like 'x' or 'temp' unless their purpose is unambiguously clear.

Data Types in C++

In C++, choosing the right data type for your variables is crucial, as it defines what kind of data a variable can hold and how much memory it consumes. Let's go over the fundamental data types you’ll frequently encounter:

• int (Integer): Used for whole numbers, both positive and negative.
• double: For floating-point numbers or real numbers with decimal points, offering more precision than 'float'.
• char (Character): Represents a single character, such as 'a' or '1'.
• bool (Boolean): Holds a true or false value, useful for conditional statements.
• string: Represents sequences of characters, like words or sentences.

Correctly selecting a data type helps in efficient memory utilization and prevents potential data errors during the runtime of your program.

Function Overloading

Function overloading in C++ allows you to define multiple functions with the same name but different signatures. This means that the functions will vary by the number or types of their parameters. Overloading is helpful when you want the same operation to behave differently based on the input parameters provided. For example:

• void display(int number); Will handle integers.
• void display(string text); Will handle strings.

The C++ compiler differentiates the functions by their signatures and selects the right function to call based on the arguments passed. However, keep in mind that function overloading does not involve variation in the return types alone, as this does not change the signature of the function in C++. This feature helps to write cleaner and more readable code.

Default Parameters

Default parameters in C++ allow you to assign initial values to a function's parameters. These values come into play if no arguments are provided for those parameters when the function is called. This can greatly simplify function calls where defaults are applicable. Let's illustrate with an example: ```cpp void printMessage(string message = "Hello, World!") { cout << message << endl; } ``` With this setup, calling printMessage() will output "Hello, World!" if no argument is passed. However, if you call printMessage("Goodbye!"), it will output "Goodbye!" instead. Default parameters offer flexibility and help reduce redundant code, though one must be careful as they should be placed at the end of the parameter list to avoid compilation errors.