Question

Write one or more \(\mathrm{C}++\) statements that assign the correct value to discount, using the logic described here: Assign .20 to discount if dept equals 5 and price is \(\$ 100\) or more. Assign .15 to discount if dept is anything clse and price is \(\$ 100\) or more. Assign.10 to discount if dept cquals 5 and price is less than \(\$ 100\). Assign .05 to discount if dept is anything else and price is less than \(\$ 100\).

Short answer

Question: Given the values for 'dept' and 'price', determine the appropriate 'discount' value based on the following conditions: - If the item is from department 5 and the price is $100 or more, the discount is 20%. - If the item is from department 5 and the price is less than $100, the discount is 10%. - If the item is not from department 5 and the price is $100 or more, the discount is 15%. - If the item is not from department 5 and the price is less than $100, the discount is 5%. Answer: To determine the appropriate 'discount' value based on the given conditions, we can use the following C++ statements with conditional structures: ```cpp if (dept == 5 && price >= 100) { discount = 0.20; } else if (dept != 5 && price >= 100) { discount = 0.15; } else if (dept == 5 && price < 100) { discount = 0.10; } else { discount = 0.05; } ```

Step-by-step solution

Start with an if-else structure

Compare the value of 'dept' and 'price'. Starting with an if-else structure, we can check if 'dept' is equal to 5 and if 'price' is greater or equal to $100. ```cpp if (dept == 5 && price >= 100) { // ... } else if (dept != 5 && price >= 100) { // ... } else if (dept == 5 && price < 100) { // ... } else { // ... } ```

Assign discount values

Assign the appropriate discount values for each condition inside the if-else structure. ```cpp if (dept == 5 && price >= 100) { discount = 0.20; } else if (dept != 5 && price >= 100) { discount = 0.15; } else if (dept == 5 && price < 100) { discount = 0.10; } else { discount = 0.05; } ``` Now, you can use these C++ statements to determine the correct 'discount' value based on the values of 'dept' and 'price'.

Key concepts

Conditional Statements

Conditional statements in C++ are used to perform different actions based on whether certain conditions are true or false. They help control the flow of the program by executing different blocks of code based on these conditions.

The most common conditional statement is the "if" statement. It tests a condition, and if the condition evaluates to true, the code within the "if" block is executed. If the condition evaluates to false, the program skips to the next statement or checks for another condition using "else if" or "else."

In our C++ example, multiple conditions are checked using chains of "if", "else if", and "else" blocks:

• if (dept == 5 && price >= 100): Checks if department equals 5 and price is 100 or more, then executes the code block to assign a discount of 20%.
• else if (dept != 5 && price >= 100): Checks if department is not 5 and price is 100 or more, then assigns a discount of 15%.
• else if (dept == 5 && price < 100): Checks if department equals 5 and price is less than 100, then assigns a discount of 10%.
• else: Handles all other conditions, assigning a 5% discount.

By structuring the conditions in this order, we ensure the appropriate discount is applied for different scenarios.

Variable Assignment

Variable assignment in C++ allows you to set or update the value stored in a variable. This is a fundamental part of programming because it helps you manage and manipulate data efficiently.

In our provided example, the variable "discount" is being assigned new values based on the conditions checked by the if-else statements. Let's break down how variable assignment works here:

• The variable "discount" is first declared outside the if-else structure (not shown in the provided code). It is likely declared as a double to store decimal values.
• Inside each block of the if-else structure, "discount" is assigned a specific value, such as 0.20, 0.15, 0.10, or 0.05, depending on the satisfied condition.
• The assignment operator "=" is used to set the value of "discount". For example, discount = 0.20; sets the discount to 20% if the given condition is true.

Proper use of variable assignment ensures that the right discount value is applied based on the department and price scenarios. Understanding how assignment works enable you to manage data effectively in C++ programs.

Logical Operators

Logical operators in C++ are used to combine multiple conditions in conditional statements, allowing for more complex decision-making processes. The main logical operators include "and" (&&), "or" (||), and "not" (!).

Let's focus on the logical operator used in our example— the "and" operator:

• The "and" operator ("&&") checks if both conditions on either side are true. If both conditions are true, the whole expression evaluates to true, allowing the corresponding block of code to execute.
• In our example, if (dept == 5 && price >= 100) uses the "&&" operator to test if 'dept' is equal to 5 and 'price' is 100 or more. Both conditions must be true for this block to be executed.

Using logical operators is crucial when dealing with multiple conditions that must be satisfied simultaneously. They help you build precise and robust conditional statements in your C++ programs. By mastering logical operators, you can create sophisticated logic and make the most out of your conditional statements.