Question

Restaurant: Make a class called Restaurant. The __init_() method for Restaurant should store two attributes: a restaurant_name and a cuisine_type. Make a method called describe_restaurant () that prints these two pieces of information, and a method called open_restaurant () that prints a message indicating that the restaurant is open. Make an instance called restaurant from your class. Print the two attributes individually, and then call both methods.

Short answer

Create a class and add methods, instantiate it, and call the methods.

Step-by-step solution

Define the Restaurant Class

Define a Python class named `Restaurant` with the `__init__` method. This method accepts two parameters: `restaurant_name` and `cuisine_type`, which are stored as instance attributes.

Create describe_restaurant Method

Within the `Restaurant` class, define a method `describe_restaurant`. This method will print the restaurant's name and its type of cuisine when it's called.

Create open_restaurant Method

Add another method to the `Restaurant` class called `open_restaurant`. This method should simply print out a message indicating that the restaurant is open.

Create an Instance of Restaurant

Create an instance of the `Restaurant` class by passing a specific restaurant name and type of cuisine to it. For example, use `restaurant = Restaurant('The Vegan Spot', 'Vegan')`.

Print the Restaurant Attributes

Access the `restaurant_name` and `cuisine_type` attributes from the `restaurant` instance and print them individually using `print(restaurant.restaurant_name)` and `print(restaurant.cuisine_type)`.

Call the Restaurant Methods

Invoke both `describe_restaurant` and `open_restaurant` methods on the `restaurant` instance by calling `restaurant.describe_restaurant()` and `restaurant.open_restaurant()`.

Key concepts

Python classes

In Python, a class acts as a blueprint for creating objects. When you define a class, you specify the structure and behavior of the objects that can be created from this blueprint. Think of a class as a plan for a house; it can be used multiple times to build identical structures, each with their own characteristics.

To define a class in Python, you use the `class` keyword followed by the class name. For example, to define a class called `Restaurant`, you would start with: ```python class Restaurant: pass ``` The above code creates a very basic class with no functionality or attributes. To add functionality and hold data, we use the `__init__` method. This special method is called when an instance or object of such a class is created. The `__init__` method initializes any data your object needs.

Classes help organize your code and make it more manageable by:

• Encapsulating data within objects.
• Promoting reuse of code.
• Supporting inheritance and polymorphism for complex structures.

Attributes and Methods

Attributes in classes are variables that hold data related to the object. In our `Restaurant` class, `restaurant_name` and `cuisine_type` are attributes. Each object or instance of the class can have its own unique values for these attributes, describing individual details of the restaurant. You define attributes within the `__init__` method: ```python def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type): self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type ``` Here `self` refers to the instance itself, and the attributes are set using this.

Methods are functions defined inside a class that operate on the attributes and usually perform actions. In our exercise, we have two methods: `describe_restaurant` and `open_restaurant`. The `describe_restaurant` method prints out details of the restaurant, while `open_restaurant` announces the opening status of the restaurant:

• Methods help in performing operations on the data (attributes) stored in the object.
• They enable encapsulation, where the internal workings are hidden and only required information is provided.

Instance Creation

Creating an instance of a class means making a new object from a class and instantiating its attributes and methods. This is often referred to as "object instantiation". In our example, an instance of the `Restaurant` class is created like this: ```python restaurant = Restaurant('The Vegan Spot', 'Vegan') ``` This line does several things:

• Calls the `__init__` method from the `Restaurant` class, passing 'The Vegan Spot' and 'Vegan' as arguments.
• Sets the `restaurant_name` attribute to 'The Vegan Spot' and the `cuisine_type` attribute to 'Vegan'.
• Assigns the newly created instance to the variable `restaurant`.

Once you have an instance, you can access its attributes and call its methods. For example: ```python print(restaurant.restaurant_name) restaurant.describe_restaurant() ``` This tight relationship between classes and instances makes Python Object-Oriented Programming powerful in modeling real-world entities and concepts.