Question

Multiples of Ten: Ask the user for a number, and then report whether the number is a multiple of 10 or not.

Short answer

Check if \( n \% 10 == 0 \) to determine if the number is a multiple of 10.

Step-by-step solution

Understand the Problem

We need to check if a given number is a multiple of ten. A number is a multiple of ten if it can be divided by 10 without leaving any remainder.

Input the Number

Ask the user to input a number. Let's assume the number is stored in a variable called \( n \).

Check Divisibility by 10

We will use the modulus operator (\( \% \)) to check divisibility. Calculate \( n \% 10 \). If the result is zero, then \( n \) is a multiple of 10; otherwise, it isn't.

Report the Result

If the result from the previous step is zero, print 'The number is a multiple of 10'. Otherwise, print 'The number is not a multiple of 10'.

Key concepts

Conditional Statements

In Python programming, conditional statements allow you to make decisions about which path to take in your code based on certain conditions. This is crucial for creating interactive and dynamic applications. In the exercise of checking if a number is a multiple of ten, a conditional statement helps determine what message to display to the user.

Here's how conditional statements work in Python:

• If: This keyword checks a condition. If the condition is true, the code block inside the "if" statement is executed. For instance, if the number is divisible by 10, then the code follows the path to print that it is a multiple of ten.
• Else: This is optional and follows an "if" statement. It executes the code block within it if the condition in the "if" statement is false. In the current problem, if the number is not divisible by ten, the code proceeds to the "else" block to print the opposite message.

Using conditional statements helps manage the flow of your program efficiently. They decide which sections of code to execute based on conditions, allowing different outcomes depending on the input data.

User Input

User input in Python allows your program to receive data from the user, making your programs interactive and versatile. In the exercise where you check whether a number is a multiple of ten, user input is essential to let the user determine the number to check.

In Python, you can ask the user for input by using the `input()` function. This function always returns the entered value as a string, so if you're expecting a number, you will need to convert this input to a numeric type, such as an integer. This is crucial because we perform arithmetic operations on numbers, not strings.

For example, in the exercise, you will capture the number entered by the user using: ```python n = int(input("Enter a number: ")) ``` This line of code will prompt the user with a message. Once the user types a number and presses enter, `input()` captures it as a string. The `int()` function converts it to an integer, allowing us to perform the necessary mathematical operations in the later steps.

Modulus Operator

The modulus operator is a fundamental concept in programming for performing arithmetic calculations. It is denoted by the `%` symbol and returns the remainder of a division operation. In the exercise, the modulus operator is used to evaluate whether the user input number is a multiple of ten.

When you use `n % 10`, it divides the number `n` by 10 and returns the remainder. For a number to be a multiple of 10, its remainder when divided by 10 should be 0. This is because multiples of ten are numbers like 10, 20, 30, etc., which can all be cleanly divided by 10 without leaving any remainders.

Here's how you can think about using the modulus operator:

• If `n % 10` is 0, then `n` is a multiple of ten.
• If `n % 10` is not 0, then `n` is not a multiple of ten.

Understanding the modulus operator allows you to easily check conditions related to divisibility and can be extended to test whether a number is a multiple of any integer, not just ten.