Question

Give a \(\mathrm{C}++\) statement that will change the value of the variable sum to the sum of the values in the variables \(n 1\) and \(n 2\). The variables are all of type int.

Short answer

Question: Write a C++ statement that calculates the sum of the values stored in two integer variables, n1 and n2, and then stores this sum in a third integer variable, sum. Answer: sum = n1 + n2;

Step-by-step solution

Write the C++ statement to calculate the sum

To calculate the sum of n1 and n2, we simply add them together and store the result in the variable sum, like this: ```cpp sum = n1 + n2; ```

Key concepts

Understanding C++ Programming

C++ is a highly versatile and powerful programming language that allows developers to create complex software systems. At its core, C++ is used for system/software development and game development due to its performance-oriented nature. Mastering the basics of C++ involves understanding data types, variables, operators, control structures, functions, and more.

Variables in C++, for instance, are used to store data which can be manipulated throughout the program. The type of data a variable can hold is defined by its data type, such as int for integers. In the provided exercise, n1, n2, and sum are integer variables that are used to perform arithmetic operations.

Exploring C++ Arithmetic Operations

Arithmetic operations are the foundation of many algorithms and computational tasks in programming. In C++, these operations are performed using arithmetic operators such as + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), and % (modulus). Integer arithmetic notably includes operations on data types like int, where results are whole numbers.

When performing operations, the order of execution is essential. Operations enclosed in parentheses are calculated first, following the precedence rules which are similar to those in mathematics. It's essential to consider data types during operations to avoid data loss or truncation, especially when working with integer division.

Executing Integer Addition in C++

Integer addition is one of the most basic forms of arithmetic operations in C++. The statement sum = n1 + n2; is a perfect example of integer addition, where n1 and n2 are integer variables. The addition operator + calculates the sum of n1 and n2, and the result is stored in the variable sum.

It's important to note that the variables must be declared and optionally initialized before they are used in operations. When adding two integers in C++, the result is always an integer. If the sum exceeds the maximum value that an integer can hold, it may cause an overflow, which results in undefined behavior. As such, ensuring the results are within the acceptable range is an important part of writing a safe and reliable C++ program.