Question

Write a complete ${\mathrm{C}}_{++}$ program that reads two whole numbers into two variables of type $int,$ and then outputs both the whole number part and the remainder when the first number is divided by the second. This can be done using the operators / and $\mathrm{\%}$

Short answer

Question: Write a C++ program that reads two integer inputs, divides the first input by the second input, and outputs both the whole number part and the remainder. Answer: ```cpp #include int main() { int x, y; std::cout << "Enter two whole numbers: "; std::cin >> x >> y; int division = x / y; int remainder = x % y; std::cout << "The result of " << x << " divided by " << y << " is:\n"; std::cout << "Whole number part: " << division << "\n"; std::cout << "Remainder: " << remainder << "\n"; return 0; } ```

Step-by-step solution

Include necessary libraries

Include the iostream library for input and output operations: ```cpp #include ```

Declare the main function

Declare the main function which is the starting point of any C++ program: ```cpp int main() { ```

Declare integer variables

Declare two integer variables x and y to store the input values: ```cpp int x, y; ```

Read input values

Prompt the user to enter two numbers and store them in the respective variables: ```cpp std::cout << "Enter two whole numbers: "; std::cin >> x >> y; ```

Calculate integer division and remainder

Use the / and % operators to find the integer division and the remainder: ```cpp int division = x / y; int remainder = x % y; ```

Output the results

Print the result of the integer division and the remainder: ```cpp std::cout << "The result of " << x << " divided by " << y << " is:\n"; std::cout << "Whole number part: " << division << "\n"; std::cout << "Remainder: " << remainder << "\n"; ```

End the main function

Return 0 to indicate successful execution and close the main function: ```cpp return 0; } ``` Now, combine all the steps to form the complete C++ program: ```cpp #include int main() { int x, y; std::cout << "Enter two whole numbers: "; std::cin >> x >> y; int division = x / y; int remainder = x % y; std::cout << "The result of " << x << " divided by " << y << " is:\n"; std::cout << "Whole number part: " << division << "\n"; std::cout << "Remainder: " << remainder << "\n"; return 0; } ```

Key concepts

C++ arithmetic operators

In C++ programming, arithmetic operators are the building blocks for performing basic mathematical operations. Specifically, integer division and the remainder operation are achieved using the forward slash (/) and the modulus sign (%) operators, respectively.
When two integers are divided using the / operator, the result is their quotient without any fractional part. The % operator, on the other hand, provides the remainder of the division. For example, 10 / 3 would yield '3', while 10 % 3 would be '1', indicating that 3 goes into 10 three times with a remainder of 1.
It is essential to ensure that the second operand (in this case, the denominator) is not zero, as dividing by zero would cause a runtime error in the program. As these operations are part of basic arithmetic, they are integral to many programming scenarios and are used in a wide array of applications.

C++ program structure

Every C++ program follows a structured format, which begins with including header files like #include necessary for input and output functions. After the preprocessor directives, the next vital component is the declaration of the main() function. This function serves as the entry point from where execution starts.
The body of the main() function typically includes variable declarations, input and output statements, computations, and the control structures to execute different code segments based on certain conditions. Finally, the program concludes with a return statement, commonly return 0;, indicating successful completion of the program.
Understanding the program structure is crucial for students, as every new piece of C++ code they learn will fit somewhere within this framework. Internal functions, classes, and libraries all integrate seamlessly into this structure providing a coherent and logical approach to program assembly.

C++ standard input output

Input and output operations are fundamental in interacting with users and for displaying the program's result. In C++, the standard library iostream provides the necessary functionalities, where cin is used for input, and cout is used for output.
To read data, you use the extraction operator (>>) with cin, and to print data to the screen, you use the insertion operator (<<) with cout. These operations allow you to take input from the user and display outputs in a console window.
For instance, in the provided exercise, std::cin >> x >> y; reads two whole numbers from the console, while std::cout statements are used to show the result of the division and the remainder. Proper use of these I/O operations makes programs interactive and user-friendly.

C++ data types

Data types are a foundational concept in C++ that define the type of data a variable can hold. For instance, the exercise uses int, which is a built-in data type that stores integer values.
There are several other fundamental data types in C++, including char for characters, float and double for floating-point numbers, and bool for Boolean values.
Additionally, C++ allows for the creation of user-defined types such as classes and structures, enabling programmers to model more complex data. It's important for students to familiarize themselves with these types and their limitations; for example, an int cannot hold decimal values and has a certain range beyond which it cannot accurately represent numbers. Conversely, using float or double when precise decimal representation is required becomes essential.