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Power System Analysis and Design

Mulukutla S Sarma, J D Glover, Thomas Overbye

Computer Science

6th Edition · 925 pages

ISBN: 9781305632134

Chapter 13: Q5CSQ (page 857)

What is the frequency nadir?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The Frequency Nadir is explained.

Step by step solution

01

Define transient stage.

The transient stage is the stage that arises in the electrical system as it is switched on. The transient stage have peak values of the frequencies of the voltage and the current wave. After the transient the steady state arises that has normal operating conditions.

02

Determine the frequency nadir

In the transient stage the frequency nadir arises. This frequency is characterized by it lower value and is lowest at the transient stage. The transient nadir also arises during the voltage trip of the generating unit’s.

Therefore, the Frequency Nadir is explained.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For the circuit given in Problem 13.8, replace the circuit elements by their discrete-time equivalent circuits. Use $∆ t 10 = 50 s μ s = 5^{- 5}$ and $E = 100 k V$ . Determine and show all resistance values on the discrete-time circuit. Write nodal equations for the discrete-time circuit, giving equations for all dependent sources. Then solve the nodal equations and determine the sending-and receiving-end voltages at the following times: $t = 50, 100, 150, 200, 250$ and $300 m s$ .

The single-phase, two-wire lossless line in Figure 13.3 has a series inductance $L = (1 / 3) \times 10^{- 6} H / m$ , a shunt capacitance, and a $50 K m$ line length. The source voltage at the sending end is a step $e_{G} (t) = 100 u_{- 1} (t) k V$ with $Z_{G} (s) = 100 Ω$ .The receiving-end load consists of a $100 Ω$ resistor in parallel with $2 m H$ a inductor. The line and load are initially unenergized. Determine (a) the characteristic impedance in ohms, the wave velocity in $m / s$ , and the transit time in $m s$ for this line; (b) the sending-and receiving-end voltage reflection coefficients in per-unit; (c) the Laplace transform of the receiving-end current $I_{R} (s)$ , ; and (d) the receiving-end current $i_{R} (t)$ as a function of time.

Repeat Example 13.8 for a 500 - kV system with a 1.08 per-unit maximum 60 - Hz voltage under normal operating conditions and with a 2000 - kVBIL.

Why are circuit breakers and fuses ineffective in protecting against transient over voltages due to lightning and switching surges?

Rework Example 13.2 if the source voltage at the sending end is a ramp, $e_{G} (t) = {Eu}_{- 2} M = {Etu}_{- 1} (t)$ with $Z_{G} = 2 Z_{c}$ .

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