Question

Write a program for user defined exception that checks the internal and extemal marks; if the internal marks is greater than 40 it raises the exception "Internal marks is exceed"; if the external marks is greater than 60 it raises the exception and displays the message "The External Marks is exceed". Create the above exception and use it in your program.

Short answer

Internal marks should not exceed 40 and external marks should not exceed 60; custom exceptions handle these limits.

Step-by-step solution

Define the Exception Classes

We need to create custom exception classes for handling errors related to marks. We'll define two exception classes named `InternalMarksExceedException` and `ExternalMarksExceedException`. These classes will inherit from Python's built-in `Exception` class and allow us to raise exceptions with custom messages.

Implement the Function to Check Marks

Create a function named `check_marks` that accepts two arguments: `internal_marks` and `external_marks`. This function will be responsible for raising an exception if the internal marks exceed 40 or the external marks exceed 60. Within the function, use conditional statements to check each condition and raise the respective exception with an appropriate message.

Write the Main Program

Write a main program that calls the `check_marks` function with sample internal and external marks. Use a try-except block to call the function and handle the exceptions. Within the except blocks, print the error messages to inform the user of any errors.

Test the Program

Execute the program with different sets of marks to ensure that it handles both valid and invalid cases properly. Verify that the exception messages are displayed correctly when marks exceed the defined limits.

Key concepts

Custom Exception Classes

Creating custom exception classes involves extending built-in exceptions to suit specific needs in programming. In the context of the given exercise, we need special exception classes to handle errors related to marks. Custom exceptions allow developers to determine what kinds of exceptions the program should consider as errors and how these should be handled. In our exercise, two custom exception classes are needed: `InternalMarksExceedException` and `ExternalMarksExceedException`. These classes inherit from Python's built-in `Exception` class. By doing so, they gain all the features of the base `Exception` class but also provide additional functionalities, such as custom messages tailored to our specific problem. This is particularly useful when precise error handling requirements differ from the standard options provided by built-in exceptions. To create these custom exceptions in Python, we can define them like this:

• Create a new class for each exception and make sure it inherits from `Exception`.
• In the class definition, implement the `__init__` method to capture any custom attributes or messages required.
• Use `super().__init__(self, message)` to initialize the base class with a custom message.

These exception classes help organize error handling in programs and maintain code clarity by dealing with specific conditions in a structured manner. This improves both the functionality and the readability of your code.

Exception Handling in Java

Exception handling is vital for writing robust Java programs. It enables developers to manage potential errors gracefully. In our exercise context, the goal is to handle exceptions that arise when certain conditions about marks are violated. Java uses `try`, `catch`, and `finally` blocks for exception handling:

• The `try` block contains the code that might throw an exception.
• The `catch` block is used to handle the exception, preventing the program from crashing.
• The `finally` block is optional, and it executes code regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not. This can be used for cleanup activities like closing files or freeing resources.

For our user-defined exceptions in the Java environment, it would look similar to this. We would throw an `InternalMarksExceedException` if the internal marks exceed 40 and an `ExternalMarksExceedException` if the external marks exceed 60. The `try-catch` mechanism ensures that each of these scenarios is handled, and custom error messages are presented to the user. Effective exception handling contributes significantly to program reliability, allowing for a smoother user experience and easier debugging process. It prevents common issues that might otherwise cause program execution to terminate unexpectedly.

Conditional Statements for Validation

Conditional statements are crucial in programming for making decisions based on conditions. In the exercise, conditional statements play a key role in validating whether the marks exceed specified thresholds. The basic idea is to use `if-else` conditions to implement logic that decides what to do when certain criteria are met. For this exercise, we employ these conditional statements to evaluate the marks:

• `if` the internal marks are greater than 40, then raise the `InternalMarksExceedException`.
• `if` the external marks are greater than 60, then raise the `ExternalMarksExceedException`.

This validation process ensures that any discrepancy or violation of the marks criteria is caught promptly and addressed using custom exceptions. These conditional checks are fundamental in many programming tasks. They serve as gatekeepers to critical sections of the code, determining whether additional operations should proceed based on the evaluation outcomes. Employing conditional logic in the program helps maintain data integrity and enforces business rules, leading to a more controlled flow of operations in software applications.