Question

Write statements that perform the following one-dimensional-array operations: a) Set the 10 elements of integer array counts to zero. b) Add one to each of the 15 elements of integer array bonus. c) Display the five values of integer array bestscores in column format.

Short answer

a) You iterate through the 10 elements of the array counts setting each to 0. b) You loop through each of the 15 elements of bonus, adding 1 to each. c) For bestscores, you use a loop to print each of the five elements on a new line.

Step-by-step solution

- Initialize Array Counts

To set the 10 elements of the integer array counts to zero, you will need to create the array and use a loop to iterate through each element, setting it to zero. In programming languages like Java or C++, you could use a for loop to do this. For example, in C++: ```cppint counts[10];for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { counts[i] = 0;}```

- Increment Array Bonus Elements

To add one to each of the 15 elements of integer array bonus, you should iterate through each element of the array and increase its value by one. Here's how you might do it in Java: ```javaint bonus[15];for(int i = 0; i < bonus.length; i++) { bonus[i] += 1;}```

- Display Array BestScores

To display the five values of integer array bestscores in column format, you'll need to iterate through the array and print each element on a new line. You could use a simple loop in Python to achieve this:```pythonbestscores = [/* some integer values */]for score in bestscores: print(score)```

Key concepts

Initialize Array

Understanding how to initialize an array is fundamental in programming. Initializing an array means setting up its size and assigning a default value to each element. For example, if we have an integer array named 'counts' that should contain 10 elements, we initialize it to have ten slots, and usually, we set a default value, which often is zero.

In languages such as C++ or Java, we typically use a for-loop to iterate over the array and set each element to a starting value. Here’s a C++ example:

int counts[10];
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  counts[i] = 0;
}

This loop runs ten times, and each iteration assigns zero to the i-th element of the array 'counts'. Remember to get the syntax right for each programming language you're working with, as it could be slightly different.

Increment Array Elements

After an array is initialized, you might want to modify the contents of its elements. Incrementing array elements is a common task, where you increase each element's value by a certain amount. If we want to add one to each element in an 'bonus' array of size 15, we can use a loop that goes through each element and increments it.

In Java, we might write the following code to achieve this:

int bonus[15];
for(int i = 0; i < bonus.length; i++) {
  bonus[i] += 1;
}

Notice how the length property is used to make the code adaptable to arrays of different lengths. The '+=' operator is shorthand that increases the value by one. This concept can be applied to other arithmetic operations and values as well.

Display Array Values

Finally, being able to display the values of an array is crucial for checking the state of the array after manipulations such as initialization and incrementing. To display values in a column format, especially when you want to make it readable, iterate through the array and print each element on a separate line.

Here is an example in Python that prints the elements of the 'bestscores' array each on a new line:

bestscores = [/* some integer values */]
for score in bestscores:
  print(score)

This technique is also helpful when debugging to ensure that your array operations have been performed correctly. Each language provides its mechanisms for formatting output, so consider the best approach for readability and efficiency.