Question

Match the hardware listed to the appropriate generation. A. First B. Second C. Third D. Fourth E. Fifth Integrated circuits

Short answer

Integrated circuits correspond to the third generation (C).

Step-by-step solution

Understand Generations of Computers

The generations of computers are classified based on the technology used. The first generation used vacuum tubes; second generation used transistors; third generation used integrated circuits; fourth generation used microprocessors; and the fifth generation includes artificial intelligence advancements.

Identify Technology Used

The exercise asks us to identify the generation for 'Integrated circuits'. We recognize 'Integrated circuits' are an essential technology that started being used in the third generation of computers.

Match the Technology to the Generation

Based on our understanding from Step 1 and the identification from Step 2, integrated circuits are the key technology used in the third generation of computers.

Write the Final Answer

Therefore, we match "Integrated circuits" to "C. Third" as they represent the third generation of computer technology.

Key concepts

Integrated Circuits

Integrated circuits are the building blocks that led to a revolution in computing technology. Before their invention, computers used separate components such as transistors and resistors attached to circuit boards. These circuits were bulky and consumed a lot of power. Integrated circuits changed everything by combining multiple components onto a single chip.
This innovation significantly increased the processing power and efficiency of computers, while reducing their size and cost. The ability to pack more transistors into a smaller space is the fundamental reason behind the development of modern computers. Integrated circuits form the core technology that paved the way for the third generation of computers. In essence, they transformed computers from room-filling machines to desktop devices, marking a significant milestone in computing history.

Third Generation Computers

The third generation of computers is distinguished by the use of integrated circuits (ICs). This era began in the mid-1960s and lasted until the early 1970s. Third generation computers marked a significant leap forward in technology, directly benefiting from the compactness and speed of ICs compared to their predecessors.
Some noteworthy characteristics include:

• Improved processing power compared to second generation computers with transistors
• Reduced size and cost of computers, making them more accessible for businesses and research institutions
• Introduction of high-level programming languages, which made software development more efficient
• Increase in reliability and performance due to fewer electrical components that could fail

The third generation allowed for the creation of more complex and capable computing solutions, setting the stage for future innovations in the industry.

Computer Hardware Classification

Computer hardware classification refers to the categorization of computers according to their generation, which reflects the key technological advancements and innovations incorporated into the design. Each generation introduces a distinct milestone, marking a purposeful leap in computing history.
The classifications include:

• First Generation: Utilized vacuum tubes and massive machines with limited processing power.
• Second Generation: Transitioned to transistors, which were more efficient and reliable than vacuum tubes.
• Third Generation: Adopted integrated circuits, revolutionizing processing abilities and significantly reducing computer sizes.
• Fourth Generation: Introduced microprocessors, leading to personal computers and the digital age.
• Fifth Generation: Focuses on artificial intelligence, enhancing computational capabilities with smart systems.

These classifications not only encapsulate technological advancements but also highlight the evolving complexity and capability of computers over time.

Technology Evolution in Computing

The evolution of technology in computing reflects the rapid advancements over decades, which have not only expanded capabilities but also transformed the accessibility and functionality of computers. From the era of room-sized machines to handheld devices, technology has profoundly changed the landscape of computing.
Key stages in this evolution include:

• The transition from vacuum tubes to transistors allowed for smaller, faster, and more reliable computing devices.
• With integrated circuits, computing power took a significant leap, leading to the miniaturization and affordability of computers.
• Microprocessors brought about the age of personal computing, making technology more personal and widespread.
• Today, advancements in artificial intelligence push the limits of what computers can do, enabling tasks previously thought impossible.

This continuous advancement in technology not only underscores our growing understanding and mastery of electronics but also shapes the future potential of computing.