Question

Identify two activities that can be performed by an operating system's administrator but not by a typical user.

Short answer

An admin can manage user accounts and configure system settings.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Administrative Tasks

Administrative tasks are actions that require higher-level access to system resources and settings. These tasks are typically restricted to administrators to ensure security and stability of the system. An example of such a task is configuring system-wide network settings or managing user accounts.

Identify Task One - User Account Management

The first activity an operating system administrator can perform but not a typical user is managing user accounts. This includes creating new accounts, deleting existing ones, and modifying account details or permissions. These actions require permissions beyond the reach of a standard user to maintain system security and integrity.

Identify Task Two - System Configuration and Updates

The second activity is the ability to configure system settings and apply system updates. This can include updating the operating system, installing security patches, or changing hardware configurations. Such operations often require administrative privileges to avoid potential disruptions or security vulnerabilities.

Key concepts

User Account Management

Managing user accounts is a critical component of operating system administration. This responsibility ensures that only authorized individuals have access to the system, which is vital for maintaining security and efficiency. An administrator can perform several tasks that are not possible for a typical user:

• Create new user accounts: Administrators can set up accounts for new users, assigning them necessary credentials and permissions so they can access appropriate system resources and applications.
• Modify user permissions: It's essential to adjust permissions as roles within an organization change. An administrator can alter what resources a user can access, ensuring they have the proper level of authority.
• Delete inactive accounts: Removing accounts that are no longer needed helps to tighten security and manage organizational resources effectively.

Proper user account management helps protect sensitive data from unauthorized access. Administrators play a crucial role in maintaining the balance between accessibility and security in user account management.

System Configuration

System configuration involves setting up and maintaining system settings that affect how the operating system and applications run. This responsibility typically falls on the administrator, because making these changes can significantly impact the entire system. Key tasks include:

• Configuring network settings: Administrators can adjust network configurations to ensure optimal communication between systems and security of data transmissions.
• Managing system updates: Regular updates are necessary to keep a system secure and running efficiently. Administrators schedule and implement these updates, which can involve patching vulnerabilities and improving software performance.
• Hardware configuration: Administrators might configure hardware settings for optimal performance and compatibility, ensuring that the system and its components operate well together.

These activities require deep knowledge of both the operating system and the organization's requirements, which makes system configuration a job for administrators rather than typical users.

System Security

Ensuring robust system security is paramount in protecting an organization's data and operations. System security administration involves implementing and managing policies to safeguard the system from potential breaches. Administrators ensure security through several key activities:

• Setting up firewalls: Firewalls help block unauthorized access while allowing legitimate communications to pass. Configuring them requires administrative privileges.
• Implementing antivirus solutions: Administrators oversee the installation and upkeep of antivirus software to monitor and eliminate malware threats effectively.
• Conducting security audits: Regular security audits help identify vulnerabilities, ensuring that the system remains protected against new threats.

By making informed security decisions, administrators safeguard both the system and its users from potential attacks and unauthorized access. Strong system security management is essential for maintaining overall system integrity and reliability.