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B.27 [15] <§B.6> Write the equations for the carry-lookahead logic for a 64- bit adder using the new notation from Exercise B.26 and using 16-bit adders as building blocks. Include a drawing similar to Figure B.6.3 in your solution.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The required new equation:

C1=G0+(P0×c0)C2=G1+(P1×G0)+(P1×P0×c0)C3=G2+(P2×G1)+(P2×P1×G0)+(P2×P1×P0×c0)

Step by step solution

01

Define the concept.

The 64- bit adderhas the feature of carry propagating and carry generating.

For the carry propagating, the carry propagator (P) is used for propagating to the following state of this.

For carry generating, the carry generator (G) is used for generating the result query by not considering the carry of the input.

The computed sum of every 16-bit adder is represented by “S”.

02

Determine the calculation.

The new equation for the carry-look ahead logic (64- bit adder) that is implemented by the 16-bit adders, those are acted as the building block:

C1=G0+(P0×c0)C2=G1+(P1×G0)+(P1×P0×c0)C3=G2+(P2×G1)+(P2×P1×G0)+(P2×P1×P0×c0)

The diagram of (64- bit adder) that is implemented by the 16-bit adders, those are acted as the building block:

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: Aside from the smart cell phones used by a billion people, list and describe four other types of computers

Another pitfall cited in Section 1.10 is expecting to improve the overall performance of a computer by improving only one aspect of the computer. Consider a computer running a program that requires 250 s, with 70 s spent executing FP instructions, 85 s executed L/S instructions, and 40 s spent executing branch instructions.

1.13.1 [5] <§1.10> By how much is the total time reduced if the time for FP operations is reduced by 20%?

1.13.2 [5] <§1.10> By how much is the time for INT operations reduced if the total time is reduced by 20%?

1.13.3 [5] <§1.10> Can the total time can be reduced by 20% by reducing only the time for branch instructions?

Consider two different implementations of the same instruction set architecture. The instructions can be divided into four classes according to their CPI(class A, B, C, and D). P1 with a clock rate of 2.5 GHz and CPIs of 1,2,3, and 3, and P2 with a clock rate of 3 GHz and CPIs of 2,2,2, and 2.

Given a program with a dynamic instruction count of 1.0E6 instructions divided into classes as follows: 10% class A, 20% class B, 50% class C, and 20% class D, which is faster?

a)What is the global CPI for each implementation?

b) Find the clock cycles required in both cases.

B.30 [15] <§B.6> This exercise is similar to Exercises B.28 and B.29, but this time calculate the relative speeds of a 64-bit adder using ripple carry only, ripple carry of 4-bit groups that use carry lookahead, ripple carry of 16-bit groups that use carry lookahead, and the carry-lookahead scheme from Exercise B.27.

Consider three different processors P1, P2, and P3 executing the same instruction set. P1 has a 3 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.5.P2 has a 2.5 GHz clock rate and a CPI of 1.0. P3 has a 4.0 GHz clock rate and has a CPI of 2.2.

a. Which processor has the highest performance expressed in instructions per second?

b. f the processors each execute a program in 10 seconds, find the number of cycles and the number of instructions.

c. We are trying to reduce the execution time by 30% but this leads to an increase of 20% in the CPI. What clock rate should we have to get this time reduction?

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