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Chapter 4: Problem 6

Which of the following are relational operators? a. < b. <= c. = d. =! e. <>

Short Answer

Expert verified
a (<) and b (<=) are relational operators.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values. They result in a Boolean value, which can be either true or false. Examples include less than (<), greater than (>), less than or equal to (<=), greater than or equal to (>=), equal to (==), and not equal to (!=).
02

Evaluating Each Option

Now we evaluate each option to see if it is a relational operator: 1. Option a: '<' - This is a relational operator (less than). 2. Option b: '<=' - This is a relational operator (less than or equal to). 3. Option c: '=' - This is used for assignment in some programming languages, not a relational operator. 4. Option d: '=!' - This is not a standard relational operator. 5. Option e: '<>' - This is sometimes used as a not equal operator in some languages, but not standard in many others.
03

Identifying Standard Relational Operators

From the evaluation, the standard relational operators from the options given are '<' and '<='. The options '=<', '=!', and '<>' are not universally recognized as relational operators across most modern programming environments.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Programming Languages
Programming languages are the backbone of software development. They allow us to communicate with computers and create programs.
  • Languages like C++, Java, and Python are popular choices among developers.
  • Each programming language has its own syntax and set of rules for writing code.
  • The choice of programming language depends on the task, goals, and the programmer's familiarity with it.

When writing code, different languages may handle operators or expressions slightly differently.
This is why understanding the basics of each language, such as how they use relational operators, is crucial for effective programming.
Different languages may also have their own unique libraries and frameworks, offering tools for specific purposes.
For example, C++ is often used for system/software development and has a strong focus on performance.
Boolean Values
Boolean values are a fundamental concept in programming. Named after mathematician George Boole, they represent the simplest form of true or false logic. In programming:
  • Boolean values are used to control the flow of programs.
  • They determine whether certain parts of code should execute.
  • Core values are "true" and "false", used in conditions and loops.

If a condition evaluates as true, a specific block of code runs. If false, another block may run or no action is taken.
Boolean values enable decision-making in programs by comparing expressions using relational operators.
For instance, "if statements" use Boolean values to decide what code to execute based on specific conditions.
Comparison Operators
Comparison operators, also known as relational operators, enable comparisons between values or variables.
  • These operators include:
    • less than (<),
    • greater than (>),
    • less than or equal to (<=),
    • greater than or equal to (>=),
    • equal to (==),
    • not equal to (!=)

They are essential in decision-making and looping constructs in programming.
For example, a loop may continue iterating as long as a variable is less than a certain value.
Comparison operators are often used in conditional statements to check if a condition is met, guiding program paths and logic.
Understanding these operators is vital for making effective decisions within your code.
C++ Programming
C++ is a versatile and powerful programming language widely used in various domains of software development, such as game development and systems programming.
  • It builds on the C language, adding object-oriented features.
  • Known for its performance and efficiency.
  • Supports different programming paradigms including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.

In C++, relational operators play an important role in operations and logic handling.
For instance, in C++ the '==' operator is used for equality checks as opposed to '=' which is for assignment.
New programmers need to grasp these subtleties to avoid common errors.
C++ continues to be preferred for projects demanding both high performance and fine-grained control over system resources.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the output of the following code? int \(\mathrm{num}=10 ; \quad\) / / Line 1 double temp \(=4.5 ; \quad\) / / Line 2 bool found; / / Line 3 found \(=(\text { num }==2 \star \text { static } \text { cast }\langle\text { int }>(t e m p)+1) ; \text { / / Line } 4\) cout \(<<\) "The value of found is: \("<<\) found \(<<\) endl; / / Line 5

Which of the following are logical (Boolean) operators? \(\begin{array}{llllll}\text { a. } & ! & \text { b. } & != & \text { c. } & \text { \$ }\end{array}\)

Correct the following code so that it prints the correct message: if (score > = 60) cout \(<<\) "You pass." \(<<\) endl else; cout \(<<\) "You fail." \(<<\) endl

Suppose that str1, str2, and str3 are string variables, and str1 = "English", str2 = "Computer Science", and str3 = "Programming". Evaluate the following expressions: a. str1 >= str2 b. str1 != "english" c. str3 < str2 d. str2 >= "Chemistry

Mark the following statements as true or false: a. The result of a logical expression cannot be assigned to an int variable. b. In a one-way selection, if a semicolon is placed after the expression in an if statement, the expression in the if statement is always true. c. Every if statement must have a corresponding else. d. The expression in the if statement: \\[ \begin{aligned} \text { if } \quad( \text { score } &=30) \\ \text { grade } &=' \mathrm{A}^{\prime} \end{aligned} \\] always evaluates to true. e. The expression: \\[ \left(\mathrm{ch}>=\mathrm{i} \mathrm{A}^{\prime} \& \& \mathrm{ch}<=\mathrm{r}^{\prime}\right) \\] evaluates to false if either \(\mathrm{ch}<\) ' \(\mathrm{A}\) ' or \(\mathrm{ch}>=\) ' \(\mathrm{Z}\) '. f. Suppose the input is \(5 .\) The output of the code: \\[ \begin{array}{l} \text { cin }>>\text { num; } \\ \text { if }(\text { num }>5) \end{array} \\] cout \(<<\) num; num \(=0\) else cout \(<<\) "Num is zero" \(<<\) endl is: Num is zero g. The expression in a switch statement should evaluate to a value of the simple data type. h. The expression ! \((x>0)\) is true only if \(x\) is a negative number. i. \(\quad\) In \(C++,\) both \(!\) and \(!=\) are logical operators. j. The order in which statements execute in a program is called the flow of control.
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