Question

Write the missing statements in the following program so that it prompts the user to input two numbers. If one of the numbers is \(0,\) the program should output a message indicating that both numbers must be nonzero. If the first number is greater than the second number, it outputs the first number divided by the second number; if the first number is less than the second number, it outputs the second number divided by the first number; otherwise, it outputs the product of the numbers. #include using namespace std; int main () \\{ double firstNum, secondNum; cout \(<<\) "Enter two nonzero numbers: " cin \(>>\) firstNum \(>>\) secondNum; cout \(<<\) end1 \(/ /\) Missing statements return 0 \\}

Short answer

Add checks for nonzero input, compare numbers, and handle tie with product.

Step-by-step solution

Include Conditional for Zero Check

We need to check if either of the numbers entered by the user is zero. If this condition is met, output a message indicating both numbers must be nonzero. Add the following code: ```cpp if (firstNum == 0 || secondNum == 0) { cout << "Both numbers must be nonzero." << endl; } ```

Compare the Two Numbers

Add conditions to compare the two numbers. If the first number is greater than the second, we output the first number divided by the second number. If the first is less, we output the second number divided by the first number. Here's the code needed: ```cpp else if (firstNum > secondNum) { cout << "Result: " << firstNum / secondNum << endl; } else if (firstNum < secondNum) { cout << "Result: " << secondNum / firstNum << endl; } ```

Handle the Case Where Numbers are Equal

Add a final condition for when the two numbers are equal, and output their product. Here's how it should look: ```cpp else { cout << "Result: " << firstNum * secondNum << endl; } ```

Key concepts

C++ input/output

In C++, input and output are crucial for interacting with programs. These actions are usually handled using `cin` and `cout`, from the `iostream` library. To read input from the user, C++ uses `cin` along with the extraction operator `>>`. For example:
`cin >> firstNum >> secondNum;`
This line reads two numbers from the user's input and stores them in the variables `firstNum` and `secondNum`. It is important to ensure that the user inputs the correct data type to avoid any unexpected behavior.
For output, C++ employs `cout` with the insertion operator `<<` to display information. For instance:
`cout << "Enter two nonzero numbers: ";`
This line prompts the user to enter two numbers. Using `endl`, you can add a line break after the message. Importantly, `cout` and `cin` require including the `iostream` directive, which is why you see `#include ` at the start of the program.

error handling in C++

Error handling in C++ is critical, especially when dealing with user input. Incorrect input can lead to errors or unexpected results in your program. In the described exercise, you need to ensure the numbers entered by the user are non-zero.
To manage this, conditional statements are used for validation. Consider the following snippet:
```cpp if (firstNum == 0 || secondNum == 0) { cout << "Both numbers must be nonzero." << endl; } ```
This code checks if either `firstNum` or `secondNum` is zero. If so, it outputs a message demanding non-zero values through `cout`. Regularly checking for potential user input errors can prevent runtime errors and make your program more robust.
Proper error handling ensures a better user experience by clearly communicating errors and how to rectify them.

C++ arithmetic operations

Arithmetic operations in C++ are foundational, allowing for mathematical computations on data. The four fundamental operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In our exercise, you deal mostly with division and multiplication, illustrated by comparing two numbers.
When one number is greater than the other, you perform a division. Here’s how it looks in C++:
```cpp if (firstNum > secondNum) { cout << "Result: " << firstNum / secondNum << endl; } else if (firstNum < secondNum) { cout << "Result: " << secondNum / firstNum << endl; } ```
This code snippet divides the greater number by the smaller one, and it uses "else if" to determine the appropriate operation based on the comparison.
If the numbers are equal, their product is printed instead. Here is how it's implemented:
```cpp else { cout << "Result: " << firstNum * secondNum << endl; } ```
This portion multiplies the numbers and shows the product, emphasizing the diversity of arithmetic operations available in C++. These operations are processed in a sequence determined by conditions for more precise calculations.