Question

Suppose that overspeed and fine are double variables. Assign the value to fine as follows: If \(0<\) overspeed \(<=5,\) the value assigned to fine is \(\$ 20.00 ;\) if \(5<\) overspeed \(<=10,\) the value assigned to fine is \(\$ 75.00 ;\) if \(10<\) overspeed \(<=15,\) the value assigned to fine is \(\$ 150.00 ;\) if overspeed \(>15,\) the value assigned to fine is \(\$ 150.00\) plus \(\$ 20.00\) per mile over 15

Short answer

Assign fine based on overspeed ranges using conditional statements.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding the Problem

We need to assign a value to the variable 'fine' based on the value of 'overspeed'. Depending on overspeed falling under certain ranges, 'fine' is assigned a specified value.

Analyze the Range Conditions

There are four conditions provided: 1. For overspeed between 0 and 5 (inclusive), the fine is $20. 2. For overspeed between 5 and 10 (inclusive), the fine is $75. 3. For overspeed between 10 and 15 (inclusive), the fine is $150. 4. For overspeed greater than 15, the fine is $150 plus $20 for every mile over 15.

Implement the Solution

Use conditional statements to assign the 'fine' based on the 'overspeed' conditions:1. If \(0 < \text{{overspeed}} \leq 5\), set \(\text{{fine}} = 20.00\)2. Else if \(5 < \text{{overspeed}} \leq 10\), set \(\text{{fine}} = 75.00\)3. Else if \(10 < \text{{overspeed}} \leq 15\), set \(\text{{fine}} = 150.00\)4. Else if \(\text{{overspeed}} > 15\), calculate \(\text{{additionaline}} = 20.00 \times (\text{{overspeed}} - 15)\) and set \(\text{{fine}} = 150.00 + \text{{additionaline}}\)

Key concepts

C++ Programming

When diving into the world of C++ programming, one of the first concepts you will encounter is how C++ handles variables and data types. In our exercise, we are working with 'double' variables. This type is specifically used to handle decimal numbers.
Double precision floats are useful when you need to perform calculations that require a higher degree of accuracy than what an 'int' type can offer.
For example:

• An overspeed value of 5.25 must be accurately represented.
• This accuracy is crucial for financial calculations, like fines.

Using variables effectively is imperative for setting these fines accurately, as demonstrated in the exercise. Moreover, C++ provides a structured and organized approach to programming, making it easier for beginners to understand and apply logical solutions to problems.
With practice, you'll learn how to write efficient and clear C++ code for varied scenarios.

Decision Making

Decision making is a fundamental concept in programming, allowing the code to perform different actions based on given conditions. In C++, this is achieved using conditional statements like 'if', 'else if', and 'else'.
These statements enable your program to evaluate conditions in sequence and execute code blocks based on true or false evaluations.
In our exercise, we perform decision making to determine the appropriate fine based on overspeed. Here’s how it works:

• First, the code checks if the overspeed is between 0 and 5. If so, the fine is set to $20.
• If not, it moves on to check if overspeed is between 5 and 10, assigning the corresponding $75.
• Subsequently, it verifies if the value falls between 10 and 15, setting the fine to $150 if true.
• Finally, for overspeed over 15, it calculates a fine that includes an additional value per mile.

Each condition is checked until one is satisfied. If none are true and there’s an 'else' statement, it will execute by default.
This logical flow ensures that your programs are efficient and execute tasks accurately based on varying inputs.

Control Structures

Control structures in C++ guide the execution flow of your programs. They dictate how and when certain blocks of code are executed.
In our overspeed example, control structures enable the program to navigate through several conditions before settling on the correct fine. Common control structures include:

• Selection structures like 'if' and 'switch', which choose between different code paths.
• Loop structures like 'for', 'while', and 'do-while', which repeat actions while conditions are met.
• Jump statements such as 'break', 'continue', and 'return', which alter the normal flow of control.

The exercise utilizes an 'if-else if' ladder, which is a series of conditions followed by possible alternatives. This offers greater flexibility compared to a simple 'if' statement, allowing comprehensive action based on multiple conditions.
By mastering control structures, you empower yourself to create more dynamic and interactive C++ applications.