Question

Suppose that sale and bonus are double variables. Write an if...else statement that assigns a value to bonus as follows: If sale is greater than \(\$ 20,000,\) the value assigned to bonus is \(0.10 ;\) if sale is greater than \(\$ 10,000\) and less than or equal to \(\$ 20,000,\) the value assigned to bonus is \(0.05 ;\) otherwise, the value assigned to bonus is 0

Short answer

Use if...else to assign bonus: 0.10 for sales > $20,000, 0.05 for $10,000 < sales ≤ $20,000, else 0.

Step-by-step solution

Identify Conditions for Bonus

First, identify the conditions given in the problem to determine the value of the bonus based on the amount of sale. 1. If sale is greater than $20,000, assign a bonus of 0.10. 2. If sale is greater than $10,000 and less than or equal to $20,000, assign a bonus of 0.05. 3. Otherwise, assign a bonus of 0.

Write the if...else Statement

Translate the conditions into code using if...else structure. We will check the conditions in a descending order of sale amounts. ```c if (sale > 20000) { bonus = 0.10; } else if (sale > 10000) { bonus = 0.05; } else { bonus = 0; } ```

Explain the Flow of the Code

The if...else statement is structured to evaluate the conditions sequentially. It first checks if the sale is greater than $20,000. If true, it assigns a bonus of 0.10. If not, it checks the second condition, if the sale is greater than $10,000 and less than or equal to $20,000, and assigns a bonus of 0.05. If neither condition is met, it defaults to assigning a bonus of 0.

Key concepts

Double Variables

Double variables in C++ are used to store decimal numbers, and they offer greater precision than integer variables. In our example, both the `sale` and `bonus` variables are of type `double`. This is essential for calculations requiring a higher level of detail, especially when working with financial figures.
Using `double` ensures that fractions are not lost in arithmetic operations, providing exact results needed in financial computations.
For instance, mismatches due to rounding errors are minimized, which is crucial when calculating bonuses that involve percentages.

Conditional Statements

Conditional statements allow a program to choose different paths of execution based on specified conditions.
In C++, the `if...else` statement is a basic form of conditional construction. It helps determine actions based on particular conditions being met or not.
In our example, the `if...else` statements check the value of `sale` to assign the correct bonus:

• If `sale` is greater than $20,000, it sets the `bonus` to 0.10,
• Else if `sale` is between $10,000 and $20,000, it sets `bonus` to 0.05,
• Otherwise, it assigns `bonus` a value of 0.

These conditions are evaluated in sequence, ensuring that the correct computation is made depending on the given input.

Code Flow

The flow of code execution in a program is crucial for understanding how decisions are made. The `if...else` logic creates a branched flow, directing the execution path based on conditions:
1. The program first evaluates `if (sale > 20000)`.
2. If true, it executes the code block inside the `if`, assigning `bonus = 0.10`.
3. If false, it evaluates the `else if (sale > 10000)` condition.
4. If this is true, it sets `bonus = 0.05`.
5. If neither condition is true, the `else` block executes, setting `bonus = 0`.

This sequential evaluation ensures that only the first matching condition's code block is executed, maintaining structured and predictable program behavior.

C++ Programming

C++ is a versatile programming language widely used for its efficiency and performance.
In this exercise, we leverage C++ for implementing conditional logic with fine precision.
The use of syntax like `if...else`, combined with `double` variables, demonstrates C++'s strength in handling complex logical operations while maintaining high numerical accuracy, which is critical in fields like finance.
By understanding and utilizing these features, one can develop robust programs capable of efficient decision-making and precise calculations.