Question

include #include using namespace std; const int PRIME_NUM = 11; int ma… # What is printed by the following program? Suppose the input is: Miller 34 340 #include #include using namespace std; const int PRIME_NUM = 11; int main() { const int SECRET = 17; string name; int id; int num; int mysteryNum; cout << "Enter last name: "; cin >> name; cout << endl; cout << "Enter a two digit number: "; cin >> num; cout << endl; id = 100 * num + SECRET; cout << "Enter a positive integer less than 1000: "; cin >> num; cout << endl; mysteryNum = num * PRIME_NUM - 3 * SECRET; cout << "Name: " << name << endl; cout << "Id: " << id << endl; cout << "Mystery number: " << mysteryNum << endl; return 0;

Short answer

Name: Miller Id: 3417 Mystery number: 3689

Step-by-step solution

Understanding Variables and Constants

Identify the constants and variables in the program. The constants are `PRIME_NUM` with a value of 11 and `SECRET` with a value of 17. The variables include `name`, `id`, `num`, and `mysteryNum`. These are used to process input and store intermediate results.

Input Reading and Initial Calculations

The program first reads a last name into `name`, a two-digit number into `num`, and a positive integer less than 1000 into `num` again. According to the provided inputs, `name` will be 'Miller', then `num` first takes the value 34, which we use to compute `id` as `100 * num + SECRET`.

Calculate 'id' Variable

Compute the value of `id` using the first `num` value (34). The formula is: \[ id = 100 \times 34 + 17 \]This results in:\[ id = 3400 + 17 = 3417 \]

Compute 'mysteryNum'

Use the second `num` input value, which is 340, to compute `mysteryNum` using the formula provided: \[ mysteryNum = 340 \times 11 - 3 \times 17 \]Calculate step by step:- First compute \( 340 \times 11 = 3740 \)- Then compute \( 3 \times 17 = 51 \)- Finally subtract to find \( 3740 - 51 = 3689 \)

Print the Output

After calculations, the program prints the name, `id`, and `mysteryNum`. The output will be: ``` Name: Miller Id: 3417 Mystery number: 3689 ```

Key concepts

Understanding Variables and Constants in C++

In C++, variables and constants play fundamental roles in handling data within a program. Variables, like `name`, `id`, `num`, and `mysteryNum` in the provided example, are used to store information that might change as the program executes. When you declare a variable, you allocate storage space in memory, which can later be accessed or modified.

Constants, on the other hand, are fixed values that do not change during the execution of the program. In the example given, `PRIME_NUM` is a constant assigned the integer value of 11, and `SECRET` is another constant with a value of 17. These help maintain consistency by ensuring that specific values remain unchanged throughout the program.

To declare a variable, you need to specify its type first (e.g., `int` for integers, `string` for sequences of characters). Constants are declared with the keyword `const` before the type, making them immutable. When coding, using descriptive variable names helps improve code readability and maintenance.

Effective Input and Output in C++

Handling input and output is crucial in many C++ programs, as it allows interaction between the user and the program. The program in the exercise uses `cin` and `cout` from the `iostream` library to manage input and output, respectively.

- **Input (`cin`)**: The program first asks the user for their last name and reads it into the variable `name`. This string input stores text data. Following that, it requests a two-digit number, which it reads into `num`. C++ interprets inputs based on the declared data type of the variable. - Reusing `num`, it then takes another input, a number less than 1000. This highlights the efficiency in reusing variables for different purposes as needed.

- **Output (`cout`)**: After completing calculations, the program outputs the results using `cout`. The string `Name: ` is printed followed by the value of `name`. It continues by printing `Id:` and `mysteryNum`, each followed by their respective calculated values. Using `endl` ensures that each piece of information appears on a new line for better readability.

This straightforward approach to input and output is akin to having a conversation with the computer, where you ask and it responds based on the input it receives.

Performing Basic Arithmetic Operations in C++

Arithmetic operations are a core part of programming, enabling complex calculations and data processing. In C++, arithmetic operations are intuitive to perform using basic operators like `+`, `-`, `*`, and `/`, as seen in the exercise.

- In the example program, the `id` is calculated using the formula \[ id = 100 \times num + SECRET \]Here, the `num` entered by the user is multiplied by 100 and then incremented by the `SECRET` constant. This operation consolidates two numeric values into one meaningful identifier.

- The second operation involves calculating `mysteryNum`:\[ mysteryNum = num \times PRIME\_NUM - 3 \times SECRET \]The arithmetic operations break down into two main calculations: first multiplying `num` (340) by `PRIME_NUM` (11) to get 3740, and then calculating 3 times `SECRET` (17), which equals 51. Subtracting these results provides the final value of 3689 for `mysteryNum`. This stepwise breakdown ensures clarity and precision in calculation.

Understanding how to effectively use these basic operations is crucial when looking to modify data values or derive new information from existing ones.