Question

include #include using namespace std; const double X = 13.45; const int Y=34; const … # Rewrite the following program so that it is properly formatted. #include #include using namespace std; const double X = 13.45; const int Y=34; const char BLANK= ' '; int main() {string firstName,lastName;int num; double salary; cout<<"Enter first name: "; cin>> firstName; cout<>lastName;cout<>num;cout<

Short answer

Separate each code component, format lines and indentations, declare constants on new lines, and organize input/output statements with line breaks.

Step-by-step solution

Identify Code Sections

First, identify the different sections of the code: library inclusions, constant declarations, and the main function. These components need to be formatted separately with proper spacing and indentation.

Format Header Inclusions

Ensure that each header inclusion is on a separate line, and the use of `using namespace std;` occurs after the library inclusions. This allows for clear separation of the libraries used. ```cpp #include #include using namespace std; ```

Declare Constants Clearly

Declare each constant on a new line with an appropriate explanatory comment, if needed, to improve readability. ```cpp const double X = 13.45; // A constant representing a multiplier const int Y = 34; // Another constant for addition const char BLANK = ' '; // Used to concatenate names with a space ```

Format Main Function

In the main function, ensure all variable declarations and the logic are clearly separated and indented properly. ```cpp int main() { string firstName, lastName; // Declare variables int num; double salary; ``` This includes declaring variables at the start for clarity.

Format Input and Output Statements

Separate every input and output statement with line breaks and ensure logical grouping using indentation for better readability. ```cpp cout << "Enter first name: "; cin >> firstName; cout << endl; cout << "Enter last name: "; cin >> lastName; cout << endl; ```

Process and Display Results

Group the processing of data and output display in separate sections for clarity. Ensure each statement ends with a semicolon and proper spacing is maintained. ```cpp cout << "Enter a positive integer less than 70:"; cin >> num; cout << endl; salary = num * X; cout << "Name: " << firstName << BLANK << lastName << endl; cout << "Wages: $" << salary << endl; cout << "X = " << X << endl; cout << "X+Y = " << X + Y << endl; return 0; } ```

Key concepts

Code Formatting

When writing C++ code, adhering to proper code formatting standards is essential for readability and maintainability. Proper spacing, indentation, and line breaks significantly improve the readability of the code. Here are a few key principles to follow:

• Place each header include directive on a separate line. This makes it easier to keep track of the libraries used and update them if necessary.
• Ensure the `using namespace` directive is placed after library inclusions and on its line to maintain clarity and structure.
• Maintain a consistent indentation style throughout your code to help in visually separating different blocks, such as function bodies, loops, and conditionals.
• Insert line breaks between separate logical sections of code. This aids in distinguishing parts that perform different tasks, such as declarations, input operations, processing, and output.

This practice not only helps in writing cleaner code but also in collaborating efficiently, as it allows others (and yourself) to understand and debug the code more easily.

Variable Declarations

Variable declarations in C++ are vital for reserving space in memory and providing meaningful names for storing data. It is essential to declare variables clearly and logically. Here are some tips:

• Declare variables at the start of a function. Placing them at the beginning enhances readability by allowing readers to understand all required data upfront.
• Use meaningful variable names that clearly convey the purpose of the variable, making it easier for you and others to follow the logic of the code.
• Group related variable declarations together. For example, declare all string variables in one section and all integer variables in another. This logical grouping aids in comprehension.
• You can add comments to explain the purpose of the variable if it is not immediately obvious from the name.

Adhering to these points results in more readable code that is easier to debug and extend.

Input and Output Statements

Input and output (I/O) statements play a critical role in user interaction in C++ programs. Writing them clearly can alleviate confusion:

• Separate inputs and outputs with clear line breaks. This improves the readability by visually segmenting individual I/O operations.
• Label the outputs clearly. Ensure that prompt messages and the corresponding input expectations are straightforward and informative.
• Group logically connected I/O operations. When multiple I/O operations process similar data or relate to the same topic, keep them together to make the script's flow comprehensible.
• Always include `cout << endl;` after output statements to ensure outputs are neatly displayed line by line, avoiding cluttered console displays.

By following these guidelines, your program will interact more smoothly and logically with its users.

Constant Declarations

In C++, constants are used to store values that should not change throughout the execution of a program, saving time and effort when adjustments are needed:

• Declare constants at the top of the code, usually right after the header files. This makes it easier to locate and modify these values if required.
• Use clear, descriptive names for your constants. For instance, `X` might be more descriptive as `MULTIPLIER`, enhancing the readability of the code.
• Add comments to constants when necessary to explain their purpose, which contributes to a better understanding for anyone reading your code.
• Using constants improves maintainability, especially in large programs, as changes only need to be made in one place.

Following these best practices will make your code both cleaner and easier to understand, ultimately aiding in both development and debugging processes.