Question

a. Write a C++ statement that declares secretList to be a vector object to store integers. (Do not specify the size of secretList.) b. Write C++ statements to store the following values, in the order given, into secretList: 56, 28, 32, 96, 75 c. Write a for loop that outputs the contents of secretList. (Use the expression secretList.size() to determine the size of secretList.)

Short answer

Declare with `std::vector`, use `push_back` to add values, and loop with `secretList.size()`.

Step-by-step solution

Declare the Vector

To declare a vector in C++ capable of storing integers, we include the necessary header and use the `std::vector` template class. The statement to declare `secretList` as a vector of integers is: ```cpp #include std::vector secretList; ```

Store Values in the Vector

To store specific integer values in the `secretList`, use the `push_back` method, which adds elements to the end of the vector. The statements to add the values 56, 28, 32, 96, and 75 are as follows: ```cpp secretList.push_back(56); secretList.push_back(28); secretList.push_back(32); secretList.push_back(96); secretList.push_back(75); ```

Output the Contents using a For Loop

To output each integer stored in `secretList`, utilize a `for` loop that iterates over the vector. The loop uses `secretList.size()` to determine how many elements to process: ```cpp for (size_t i = 0; i < secretList.size(); ++i) { std::cout << secretList[i] << std::endl; } ```

Key concepts

C++ Programming

C++ is a powerful programming language that is widely used for system and application software, game development, drivers, client-server applications, and firmware. The language is known for its performance and efficiency, providing low-level access to memory and offering a highly expressive syntax.
When starting with C++ programming, it is essential to understand basic constructs such as data types, operators, control structures, and code blocks. These form the foundation of writing efficient C++ programs.
In C++, templates are a crucial feature enabling you to write generic programs. A template allows a function or class to work with any data type, thus fostering code reusability. For instance, you utilize the `std::vector` template class to create vectors that can store various data types. This characteristic is particularly beneficial in data structure design, allowing for flexible and efficient manipulation of data.

Data Structures

Data structures are specialized formats for organizing, processing, practicing, and storing data. They form the backbone of all computer programs, allowing data to be stored efficiently and manipulated effectively.
One commonly used data structure in C++ is the vector. Vectors are dynamic arrays that automatically resize when you add new elements. They're part of the C++ Standard Library and are accessed through the `#include ` directive.
Vectors are beneficial due to their dynamic nature, meaning you don't have to specify their size at compile time. This flexibility makes them indispensable when dealing with collections of data where the size might change during runtime. Operations like `push_back` help to seamlessly add elements. Their built-in functions make handling data intuitive and simple, which is why vectors are commonly a go-to data structure for developers using C++.

Iteration in C++

Iteration is a fundamental concept in programming that allows you to repeat a sequence of instructions. In C++, the `for`, `while`, and `do-while` loops are used to execute a block of code multiple times.
A `for` loop is typically used when the number of iterations is known. The loop consists of three parts within parentheses: initialization, a condition, and an increment instruction. It is especially useful when iterating over elements of a data structure like a vector.
In the context of vectors, iteration becomes particularly seamless. You typically iterate through vectors using for loops and the `size()` method to access each element efficiently. This approach not only simplifies the code but also ensures that the iteration dynamically adjusts to the vector's size. It's a clear demonstration of how iteration complements data structures in C++, providing powerful tools for data processing and manipulation.