Question

Implement the following integer functions: a) Function Celsius returns the Celsius equivalent of a Fahrenheit temperature. b) Function Fahrenheit returns the Fahrenheit equivalent of a Celsius temperature. c) Use these functions to write a program that prints charts showing the Fahrenheit equivalents of all Celsius temperatures from 0 to 100 degrees, and the Celsius equivalents of all Fahrenheit temperatures from 32 to 212 degrees. Print the outputs in a neat tabular format that minimizes the number of lines of output while remaining readable.

Short answer

To solve the exercise, two conversion functions were implemented: Celsius() for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius, and Fahrenheit() for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit. A charts function was created to print the conversions from 0 to 100 degrees Celsius and 32 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit in a tabular format.

Step-by-step solution

Implement Celsius Function

The Celsius function converts Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius using the formula: \( C = (F - 32) \times \frac{5}{9} \). Define the function that takes a Fahrenheit temperature as input and returns the Celsius temperature.

Implement Fahrenheit Function

The Fahrenheit function converts Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit using the formula: \( F = C \times \frac{9}{5} + 32 \). Define the function that takes a Celsius temperature as input and returns the Fahrenheit temperature.

Create Charts Function

Define a function that uses loops to generate the temperature conversion charts. For Celsius to Fahrenheit, loop from 0 to 100 degrees Celsius, and for Fahrenheit to Celsius, loop from 32 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Call the previously defined Celsius and Fahrenheit functions inside the loops to perform the conversions.

Print Charts in Tabular Format

Within the loop, format the outputs to print them in a neat table. Use string formatting to align the temperatures in columns, ensuring the output is readable and minimizes the number of lines printed.

Execute Program

Run the program to print the temperature charts, ensuring the output is clear, accurate, and well-formatted. Verify that all the conversions are correct and the tabular format is maintained.

Key concepts

C++ Functions

In C++, functions are building blocks that allow us to structure programs in segments of reusable code. They perform specific tasks and can be called upon multiple times within a program, thus avoiding redundancy and enhancing readability. To define a function in C++, we start with a return type, followed by the function's name and a set of parentheses which may contain parameters.

For instance, to convert temperatures, we create two functions: one for Celsius to Fahrenheit and another for Fahrenheit to Celsius. They improve modularity, making our code more organized and maintainable. Each function encapsulates the logic for its specific conversion, creating a clear and concise codebase.

Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion

The conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics, and it involves a simple mathematical formula: \( F = C \times \frac{9}{5} + 32 \), where \( F \) stands for Fahrenheit and \( C \) for Celsius. When implementing this conversion in a C++ program, we create a function that uses this formula to convert a given Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit. This function becomes a handy tool whenever temperature conversion is needed within the program.

In a teaching context, explaining this formula in connection with real-world examples, like weather temperature changes, can help students understand and remember it better.

Fahrenheit to Celsius Conversion

Converting Fahrenheit temperatures to Celsius is just as important, and the formula used for this is \( C = (F - 32) \times \frac{5}{9} \). This function, when coded in C++, will take a Fahrenheit temperature as an input and return its equivalent in Celsius.

By internalizing this formula, students can better comprehend temperature differences and scales. It's vital to practice this conversion with various examples to become comfortable with both the formula and the function's implementation in C++.

Loop Structures in C++

Loop structures are a core component of programming that allow repetitive execution of a block of code. In C++, common loops include `for`, `while`, and `do-while`. For our temperature conversion program, a `for` loop is likely the most suitable choice as we know the exact number of iterations needed.

We use two `for` loops, each executing a different range of temperatures – one from 0 to 100 degrees Celsius, another from 32 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Within these loops, we call our conversion functions on each iteration to output a continuous chart of converted temperatures. Loops are integral in handling repetitive tasks efficiently within a program.

Program Output Formatting

A crucial aspect of generating useful and readable output is proper formatting. In C++, we have several tools to format console output, such as IO manipulators including `std::setw` for setting the width and `std::setprecision` for controlling decimal precision.

In our temperature conversion program, we ensure the outputs are presented in a neat tabular format using these manipulators. Proper alignment is achieved by specifying the width of columns so that the numbers line up vertically, regardless of the number of digits they contain. This careful formatting makes the data easy to read at a glance and is beneficial in scientific computing where clear results are essential.