Question

a. Function celsius returns the Celsius equivalent of a Fahrenheit temperature. b. Function fahrenheit returns the Fahrenheit equivalent of a Celsius temperature. c. Use these functions to write a program that prints charts showing the Fahrenheit equivalents of all Celsius temperatures from 0 to 100 degrees, and the Celsius equivalents of all Fahrenheit temperatures from 32 to 212 degrees. Print the outputs in a neat tabular format that minimizes the number of lines of output while remaining readable.

Short answer

Define conversion functions, convert temperature ranges, and format tables.

Step-by-step solution

Define the Celsius Function

To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, we'll use the formula \( C = \frac{5}{9} \times (F - 32) \). Let's define the function `celsius(fahrenheit)`, which takes a Fahrenheit temperature as an input and returns the corresponding Celsius temperature using this formula.

Define the Fahrenheit Function

To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, use the formula \( F = \frac{9}{5} \times C + 32 \). Define the function `fahrenheit(celsius)` that takes a Celsius temperature and returns the Fahrenheit equivalent using the above formula.

Generate Temperature Charts

Use the functions defined in steps 1 and 2 to create two separate charts. The first will convert Celsius to Fahrenheit for Celsius values from 0 to 100. The second chart will convert Fahrenheit to Celsius for Fahrenheit values from 32 to 212. Initialize a loop for each chart to compute and collect the results.

Format the Output

To ensure the output is neat and readable, format the results into a table with two columns per chart. Use a header for each table and align the numbers for easy reading. Concatenate or print both tables in sequence, ensuring minimal use of lines while maintaining clarity.

Implement the Code

Combine all previous steps into a complete program. Define the required functions, then iterate through the specified temperature ranges, convert, and format the results. Finally, use `print` statements to display the formatted tables.

Key concepts

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is an essential skill in the study of temperature. The relationship between these two units is linear, meaning we can find the Fahrenheit equivalent of a given Celsius temperature using a straightforward formula. The equation is: \[ F = \frac{9}{5} \times C + 32 \] Here, \( F \) is the temperature in Fahrenheit and \( C \) is the temperature in Celsius. This formula works by taking the Celsius temperature, multiplying it by \( 9/5 \), and then adding 32. This helps adjust for the freezing point of water, always resulting in a precise Fahrenheit reading.

• Example: To convert 25°C to Fahrenheit, plug 25 into the formula: \( F = \frac{9}{5} \times 25 + 32 \), which gives 77°F.

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Reversing the process from Fahrenheit to Celsius is just as important as knowing how to go the other way. The formula for this conversion is: \[ C = \frac{5}{9} \times (F - 32) \] In this formula, \( C \) represents the Celsius temperature, while \( F \) represents the Fahrenheit temperature. Begin by subtracting 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature. After this, multiply the result by \( 5/9 \). This calculation adjusts for the different starting points and scale of the two temperature systems.

• Example: To convert 100°F to Celsius: \( C = \frac{5}{9} \times (100 - 32) \), resulting in 37.78°C, often rounded to 38°C for simplicity.

Programming Functions

Creating programming functions to handle these temperature conversions is not only practical but also a great way to practice coding skills. Functions in programming allow you to encapsulate behavior and reuse it whenever needed.

Function Structure

To create a Celsius-to-Fahrenheit function, you can define it in pseudo-code as follows: ```python def fahrenheit(celsius): return (9/5) * celsius + 32 ``` This function takes a Celsius temperature as an argument and uses the conversion formula to return the Fahrenheit equivalent. For the reverse, use: ```python def celsius(fahrenheit): return 5/9 * (fahrenheit - 32) ```

Using Functions

These functions can be called within a loop to automatically calculate and display temperature conversions over a range, making it easy to create comprehensive temperature charts.

Temperature Charts

Temperature charts are a visual method of displaying the relationship between Fahrenheit and Celsius over a given range. They help in quickly seeing how temperatures compare in these two scales. To generate these charts through programming, utilize the conversion functions to iterate over temperature ranges.

Creating the Charts

For a Celsius to Fahrenheit chart: Loop through Celsius values from 0 to 100 and apply the conversion function to each value. For Fahrenheit to Celsius, loop through Fahrenheit values from 32 to 212. Gather the results in two columns each, with headers labeling them appropriately.

• First Column: Original temperature (e.g., "Celsius")
• Second Column: Converted temperature (e.g., "Fahrenheit")

Ensure that numbers are aligned, and include headers for clarity. This visual representation can significantly aid in understanding how the two temperature scales line up, helping anyone quickly grasp the temperature differences.