Question

Write a C++ program that uses a while statement and the tab escape sequence \t to print the following table of values: N 10*N 100*N 1000*N 1 10 100 1000 2 20 200 2000 3 30 300 3000 4 40 400 4000 5 50 500 5000

Short answer

Use a while loop with tab escape sequences to print the table for values 1 to 5.

Step-by-step solution

Initialize the Program Structure

Start by including the necessary headers and setting up the main function in C++. The basic structure will use for input/output operations.

Set Up the Initial Variables

Declare an integer variable, \( N \), to keep track of the current row number in the table. Initialize \( N \) to 1, as it starts from 1.

Print the Table Header

Use 'std::cout' to print the header of the table with 'N', '10*N', '100*N', and '1000*N' separated by the tab escape sequence \( \text{\textbackslash t} \). This establishes the column titles.

Create the While Loop

Set up a while loop with the condition \( N <= 5 \). This loop will iterate through the numbers 1 to 5, one for each row of values to be printed.

Calculate and Print Within the Loop

Inside the loop, print the values of \( N \), \( 10 \times N \), \( 100 \times N \), and \( 1000 \times N \) separated by tabs. After printing, increase the value of \( N \) by 1 to move to the next row.

End the Program

Conclude the main program with 'return 0;' to indicate successful execution.

Key concepts

Loops in C++

Loops in C++ are essential tools that allow you to repeat a block of code multiple times. They help manage repetitions without having to write the same code again and again.
The main types of loops you will encounter are:

• For Loop
• While Loop
• Do-While Loop

The given exercise employs a **while loop**. It continues iterating as long as a specified condition remains true.
In our exercise, the condition is \( N \leq 5 \), meaning the loop will run as long as \( N \) equals 5 or less. This helps to control the printing process for each row from 1 to 5.
Each iteration updates \( N \) by incrementing its value by 1, ensuring that all necessary lines of the table are printed.
The simplicity of while loops makes them a perfect choice when the number of iterations is determined by a logical condition.

Output Formatting in C++

Output formatting in C++ allows you to present your console outputs in an organized manner. It elevates the readability and understanding of the output for the users.
In C++, **escape sequences** are vital for output formatting. They help you manage spacing, lines, and text alignment within the console.
The exercise utilizes the tab escape sequence \( \text{\textbackslash t} \). It inserts a horizontal tab, thereby aligning the columns neatly. This escape sequence is used in combination with `std::cout` to align the heading and each row of the table uniformly across the console.
Proper output formatting is crucial when displaying structured data, especially in tables, because it ensures that each column is easily distinguishable from the others, improving data clarity.

Control Structures in C++

Control structures in C++ guide the program flow, allowing for decision-making, repeating identical tasks, or branching into different paths based on conditions.

• Sequential Control
• Selection Control
• Repetition Control (Looping)

In the exercise, repetition control through the **while loop** is central to the program. It repeatedly executes the code block that calculates and prints the values as long as the condition \( N \leq 5 \) is met.
The loop serves as a control structure by determining when the task of printing each row should stop. Without it, each row would require tedious manual coding, underscoring the importance of loops in efficient coding.
Additionally, **sequential control** is showcased as each instruction within the loop is processed in a defined sequence — from initializing and printing to incrementing \( N \). This illustrates how programming in C++ leverages control structures to create precise and predictable program behaviors.