Question

Make six conversion functions between temperatures in Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit: \(\mathrm{C} 2 \mathrm{~F}, \mathrm{~F} 2 \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{C} 2 \mathrm{~K}, \mathrm{~K} 2 \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{F} 2 \mathrm{~K}\), and \(\mathrm{K} 2 \mathrm{~F}\). Collect these functions in a module convert_temp. Make some sample calls to the functions from an interactive Python shell. Name of program file: convert_temp.py.

Short answer

Create a Python module with six functions for temperature conversion based on known formulas.

Step-by-step solution

Understand Temperature Conversions

To create conversion functions, understand the relationships between Celsius (C), Kelvin (K), and Fahrenheit (F). The key formulas are: 1. Celsius to Fahrenheit: \( F = C \times \frac{9}{5} + 32 \) 2. Fahrenheit to Celsius: \( C = \frac{F - 32}{1.8} \) 3. Celsius to Kelvin: \( K = C + 273.15 \) 4. Kelvin to Celsius: \( C = K - 273.15 \) 5. Fahrenheit to Kelvin: Combine the conversions F to C and C to K. \( K = (F - 32) \times \frac{5}{9} + 273.15 \) 6. Kelvin to Fahrenheit: Combine the conversions K to C and C to F. \( F = (K - 273.15) \times \frac{9}{5} + 32 \).

Create the Python Module

Create a Python file named `convert_temp.py`. Within this file, define each of the conversion functions using the formulas from Step 1. For example, the Celsius to Fahrenheit function can be written as: ```python def c_to_f(celsius): return celsius * 9/5 + 32 ``` Repeat this process for the other five functions.

Implement Conversion Functions

In `convert_temp.py`, implement the remaining functions as follows: 1. Fahrenheit to Celsius: ```python def f_to_c(fahrenheit): return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9 ``` 2. Celsius to Kelvin: ```python def c_to_k(celsius): return celsius + 273.15 ``` 3. Kelvin to Celsius: ```python def k_to_c(kelvin): return kelvin - 273.15 ``` 4. Fahrenheit to Kelvin: ```python def f_to_k(fahrenheit): return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9 + 273.15 ``` 5. Kelvin to Fahrenheit: ```python def k_to_f(kelvin): return (kelvin - 273.15) * 9/5 + 32 ```

Test the Functions

Open an interactive Python shell or use a script to test the functions in `convert_temp.py`. For example, you can check: ```python from convert_temp import c_to_f, f_to_c, c_to_k, k_to_c, f_to_k, k_to_f print(c_to_f(100)) # Expected output: 212 print(f_to_c(32)) # Expected output: 0 print(c_to_k(0)) # Expected output: 273.15 print(k_to_c(0)) # Expected output: -273.15 print(f_to_k(32)) # Expected output: 273.15 print(k_to_f(273.15)) # Expected output: 32 ``` Ensure the outputs match the expected values for these conversions.

Key concepts

Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion

Temperature conversion is all about understanding how to convert a measurement from one scale to another. The most common scales are Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit. In this section, we’ll focus on converting temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit. The formula to transform Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (°F) is: \[ F = C \times \frac{9}{5} + 32 \] This equation works by first scaling the Celsius temperature. Multiplying by \( 9/5 \) converts the Celsius into Fahrenheit 'degrees'. After that, adding 32 accounts for the offset in the Fahrenheit scale. This offset represents the difference between the freezing points of water on both scales. For example, to convert 25°C to Fahrenheit, you multiply 25 by \( 9/5 \), resulting in 45, and then add 32 to get 77°F.

• Step 1: Multiply the Celsius temperature by \( 9/5 \).
• Step 2: Add 32 to the result from Step 1.

Python module development

A Python module is essentially a file containing Python code, and it can include functions, variables, and even classes. When you create a Python module, it allows you to organize your code better, making it reusable and easier to debug. For our temperature conversion tasks, we will create a module named `convert_temp.py`. To develop this module, follow these steps:

• Create a new file named `convert_temp.py` in your project directory.
• Inside this file, write the functions for each type of temperature conversion using Python syntax.
• For example, the function to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit can be written as: ```python def c_to_f(celsius): return celsius * 9/5 + 32 ```
• Continue to create similar functions for the remaining conversions like `f_to_c`, `c_to_k`, `k_to_c`, `f_to_k`, `k_to_f`.
• Ensure that each function correctly follows the conversion formulas identified.

Developing modules helps in breaking down your code into manageable pieces and encourages code reuse.

Interactive Python testing

When developing software, it's essential to test your functions to ensure they perform correctly. Python's interactive shell provides a helpful environment to quickly test small pieces of code without having to run entire scripts. Testing your temperature conversion functions interactively involves running them from the Python shell and comparing results against expected values. Here's how you can test the `convert_temp.py` module functions:

• Open a Python interactive shell, which you can do by typing `python` or `python3`, depending on your setup, in your terminal or command prompt.
• Import your functions from `convert_temp.py` using: ```python from convert_temp import c_to_f, f_to_c, c_to_k, k_to_c, f_to_k, k_to_f ```
• Execute the functions with test cases: ```python print(c_to_f(100)) # Expects: 212 print(f_to_c(32)) # Expects: 0 print(c_to_k(0)) # Expects: 273.15 print(k_to_c(0)) # Expects: -273.15 print(f_to_k(32)) # Expects: 273.15 print(k_to_f(273.15)) # Expects: 32 ```

By running these tests, you quickly verify whether your functions return correct outputs. This trial and error process is integral to debugging and refining your code.