Chapter 25: Problem 2
Histamine is a potent secretagogue of A. amylase by the salivary glands. B. HCl by the stomach. C. gastrin by the stomach. D. hydrolytic enzymes by the pancreas. \(\mathbf{E} . \quad \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\) by the pancreas.
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In the metabolism of bile acids, A. the liver synthesizes cholic and deoxycholic acids, which are primary bile acids. B. secondary bile acids are produced by conjugation of primary acids to glycine or taurine. C. 7 -dehydroxylation of bile acids by intestinal bacteria produces secondary bile acids, which have similar detergent and physiological properties as primary bile acids. D. daily bile acid secretion by the liver is approximately equal to daily bile acid synthesis. E. conjugation reduces the polarity of bile acids, enhancing interaction with lipids.
Monosaccharides are absorbed from the intestine A. by a \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) -dependent cotransporter for glucose and galactose. B. by a Na \(^{+}\) -independent facilitated transport for fructose. C. by a \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) -independent transporter (GLUT2) across the contraluminal membrane. D. against a concentration gradient if the transporter is \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) dependent. F. all of the above.
Certain tissues effect \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) secretion via a \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) channel (CFTR-cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein). Cholera toxin abnormally opens the channel leading to a loss of NaCl. A relatively inexpensive way to treat cholera is to administer fluids high in \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\).
In addition to tryptophan, which of the following amino acids is likely to be deficient in Hartnup disease? A. Aspartate B. Leucine C. Lysine D. Proline E. All of the above
Cholesterol stones A. usually form during passage of bile through the hepatic bile duct. B. occur when the mixed phospholipid-bile acid micelles are very high in phospholipid. C. can be dissolved by excess bile acid micelles. D. rarely occur because cholesterol is not a normal part of bile. E. are a necessary part of lipid digestion.
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