Question

Certain tissues effect \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) secretion via a \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) channel (CFTR-cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein). Cholera toxin abnormally opens the channel leading to a loss of NaCl. A relatively inexpensive way to treat cholera is to administer fluids high in \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\).

Short answer

Answer: Cholera toxin abnormally opens the CFTR protein, leading to excessive secretion of chloride ions and loss of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) (sodium chloride). This causes an electrolyte imbalance, resulting in severe diarrhea and dehydration in cholera patients. Administering fluids high in \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) helps replenish the lost \(\mathrm{Na}\), balance electrolyte levels, and maintain proper hydration, which is crucial for treating cholera and preventing complications.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding cholera toxin's effect on CFTR protein

Cholera toxin abnormally opens the CFTR protein, which are chloride channels found in certain tissues. These channels are primarily responsible for the secretion of \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\) ions. When the toxin opens these channels, there is a loss of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) (sodium chloride) due to the excessive secretion of chloride ions.

Identifying the effect of cholera on the body

Cholera infection, primarily caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium, leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration. The excessive secretion of chloride ions and subsequent loss of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) due to the toxin's effect on CFTR protein leads to an imbalance in the body's electrolytes, further aggravating the symptoms and complications of cholera.

Role of fluids high in \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\) to treat cholera

By administering fluids high in \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}\), we aim to replenish the lost \(\mathrm{Na}\) from the body and help balance the electrolyte levels. This helps the body to maintain proper hydration and function, which is crucial in treating cholera and preventing complications such as severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. This is a relatively inexpensive method for treating cholera and can be lifesaving in many cases.