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Chapter 11: Problem 8

Acetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic, is available alone or as a component of many nonprescription medications. Acetaminophen overdose, which can lead to liver damage, is a significant health problem. Consumption of alcoholic beverages can exacerbate the problem, especially if the acetaminophen is taken several hours postalcohol intake. Acetaminophen, in normal doses, is nontoxic because it is metabolized using normal mechanisms for increasing water solubility. Alcohol is both an inducer and substrate for CYP2E1. Alcohol taken at the same time as acetaminophen may protect the liver from injury. Which of the following is correct? A. CYP2E1 metabolizes alcohol but not acetaminophen. B. CYP2E1 is increased and converts acetaminophen to a nontoxic form. C. Taken at the same time, alcohol and acetaminophen compete for CYP2E1 so less toxic metabolite is formed. D. With the longer time gap, only alcohol reacts with CPY2E1. E. None of the above.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: C. Taken at the same time, alcohol and acetaminophen compete for CYP2E1 so less toxic metabolite is formed.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the given options

Analyze the possible explanations provided in the options A to E about the interaction of acetaminophen and alcohol with the enzyme CYP2E1.
02

Compare the options with facts

Option A states that CYP2E1 metabolizes alcohol but not acetaminophen. This is not true, as CYP2E1 does metabolize acetaminophen. Option B states that CYP2E1 is increased and converts acetaminophen to a nontoxic form. However, in reality, CYP2E1 is involved in the formation of a toxic metabolite from acetaminophen. Option Cstates that taken at the same time, alcohol and acetaminophen compete for CYP2E1, so less toxic metabolite is formed. This statement is true because when both substances are present together in the body, they compete for the same enzyme, which ultimately leads to reduced formation of toxic metabolites. Option D states that with a longer time gap, only alcohol reacts with CYP2E1. This statement is not true as acetaminophen also reacts with CYP2E1. Therefore, the correct answer is:
03

Choose the correct option

C. Taken at the same time, alcohol and acetaminophen compete for CYP2E1 so less toxic metabolite is formed.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Because herbal remedies are not prescription drugs, many patients fail to inform their physicians that they are using such products. A patient was told by his physician that his blood cholesterol levels were not responding to the usually effective statin drug he was taking. The patient was also taking St. John's wort, an herbal agent, to improve his mood. St. John's wort induces a cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) activity. Statins are one of the many drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4. The induction of cytochromes P450 A. occurs only by exogenous compounds. B. occurs only at the transcriptional level. C. necessarily results from increased transcription of the appropriate mRNA. D. necessitates the formation of an inducer-receptor protein complex. E. may occur by posttranscriptional processes.

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Acetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic, is available alone or as a component of many nonprescription medications. Acetaminophen overdose, which can lead to liver damage, is a significant health problem. Consumption of alcoholic beverages can exacerbate the problem, especially if the acetaminophen is taken several hours postalcohol intake. Acetaminophen, in normal doses, is nontoxic because it is metabolized using normal mechanisms for increasing water solubility. Normally, acetaminophen is primarily metabolized by A. oxidation by cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1). B. conjugation with glucuronide or sulfate. C. conjugation with glutathione. D. addition of an \(-\mathrm{OH}\) to the ring. E. reduction with NADPH.

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