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The equation for the Gaussian curve in Figure 4 - 1is

y=(totalbulbs)(hoursperbar)s2ฯ€e-(x-xโ†’)2/2s2

where xยฏ is the mean value (845.2h) is the standard deviation (94.2h) , total bulbs = 4768, and hours per bar ( = 20) is the width of each bar in Figure 4 - 1. Set up a spreadsheet like the one with this problem to calculate the coordinates of the Gaussian curve in Figure 4 - 1 from 500to 1200hin 25 - hintervals. Note the heavy use of parentheses in the formula at the bottom of the spreadsheet to force the computer to do the arithmetic as intended. Use Excel to graph your results.

Short Answer

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The graph:

Step by step solution

01

Definition of graph.

The link between lines and points is described by a graph, which is a mathematical description of a network. A graph is made up of points with lines connecting them. It makes no difference how long the lines are or where the points are placed.

02

Find the fraction of people with tumors would have a false negative indication of cancer because Kโ‰ฅ0.92 .

The Gaussian curve equation in Figure 4 - 1 is:

y=total/bulbshoursperbars2ฯ€

where xยฏis the mean value ( 845.2h ) is the standard deviation ( 94.2h ) , total bulbs is equal 4768 and hours per bar is equal 20 .

The required data for graph drawing are shown in table below.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the least-squares problem in Figure 4-11.

(a) Suppose that a single new measurement produces a yvalue of 2.58. Find the corresponding xvalue and its standard uncertainty, ux.

(b) Suppose you measure yfour times and the average is 2.58. Calculate uxbased on four measurements, not one.

(c) Find the 95%confidence intervals for (a) and (b).

Blood plasma proteins of patients with malignant breast tumors differ from proteins of healthy people in their solubility in the presence of various polymers. When the polymers dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) are mixed with water, a two-phase mixture is formed. When plasma proteins of tumor patients are added, the distribution of proteins between the two phases is different from that of plasma proteins of a healthy person. The distribution coefficient ( K) for any substance is defined as K =[concentration of the substance in phase[concentration of the substance in phase B ]. Proteins of healthy people have a mean distribution coefficient of 0.75 with a standard deviation of 0.07. For the proteins of people with cancer, the mean is 0.92 with a standard deviation of 0.11.

(a) Suppose that Kwere used as a diagnostic tool and that a positive indication of cancer is taken asKโ‰ฅ0.92. What fraction of people with tumors would have a false negative indication of cancer becauseKโ‰ฅ0.92?

(b) What fraction of healthy people would have a false positive indication of cancer? This number is the fraction of healthy people withKโ‰ฅ0.92, shown by the shaded area in the graph below. Estimate an answer with Table 4 - 1 and obtain a more exact result with the NORMDIST function in Excel.

(c) Vary the first argument of the NORMDIST function to select a distribution coefficient that would identify 75% of people with tumors. That is, 75% of patients with tumors would have K above the selected distribution coefficient. With this value of K, what fraction of healthy people would have a false positive result indicating they have a tumor?

Excel LINEST function. Enter the following data in a spreadsheet and use LINEST to find slope, intercept, and standard errors. Use Excel to draw a graph of the data and add a trendline. Draw error bars ofยฑsyon the points.

x:3.010.020.030.040.0y:-0.074-1.411-2.584-3.750-5.407

Set up a spreadsheet to reproduce Figure 4-15. Add error bars: Follow the procedure on pages 87-88. Usesyfor the + and - error.

Should the value 216 be rejected from the set of results 192,216,202,195, and 204?

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