Chapter 20: Q5P (page 525)
What is the role of a filter in a grating monochromator?
The role of a filter in a grating monochromator is to eliminate different wavelengths at the same angle as the desired wavelengths.
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Visible light strikes the surface of benzene at a angle. At what angle does the light ray pass through the benzene?
Refer to the Fourier transform infrared spectrum in Figure 20-33.
(a) The interferogram was sampled at retardation intervals of. What is the theoretical wavenumber range (0 to ?) of the
spectrum?
(b) A total of 4 096 data points were collected from . Compute the value of, the maximum retardation.
(c) Calculate the approximate resolution of the spectrum.
(d) The interferometer mirror velocity is given in the figure caption. How many microseconds elapse between each datum?
(e) How many seconds were required to record each interfero gram once?
(f) What kind of beam splitter is typically used for the region 400 to 4 000? Why is the region below 400not observed?
Results of an electrochemical experiment are shown in the figure. In each case, a voltage is applied between two electrodes at timeand the absorbance of a solution decreases until the voltage is stepped back to its initial value at time. The upper traces show the average results for 100,300, and 1000 repetitions of the experiment. The measured signal-to-rms noise ratio in the upper trace is 60.0. Predict the signal-to-noise ratios expected for 300 cycles, 100 cycles, and 1 cycle and compare your answers with the observed values in the figure.
A measurement with a signal-to-noise ratio of 100 / 1 can be thought of as a signal, S, with 1 % uncertainty, e. That is, the measurement is.
(a) Use the rules for propagation of uncertainty to show that, if you add two such signals, the result is total signal , giving a signal-to-noise ratio of .
(b) Show that if you add four such measurements, the signal-tonoise ratio increases to 200 / 1.
(c) Show that averaging n measurements increases the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of compared with the value for one measurement.
Explain how a laser generates light. List important properties of laser light.
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