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Chapter 26: Q27P (page 748)

What is electroosmosis?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Electroosmosis (electroendosmosis) is the pumping process in which charged particles tend to migrate to a less charged area.

Step by step solution

01

Define the electroosmosis:

Electroosmosis is the flow of fluid that touches a charged surface when inserting an electric field.

02

Explanation of electric field:

When considering an electric field, cations in the field are attracted to the cathode and anions are being attracted to the anode.

03

Explanation for electroosmosis:

Electroosmosis (electroendosmosis) is the pumping process in which charged particles tend to migrate to a less charged area.

04

The process of hydrodynamic flow:

This process is driven by an applied potential and is in contrast with hydrodynamic flow, driven by a pressure difference.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) A particular solution in a particular capillary has an electroosmotic mobility of $1.3 \times 10^{- 8} m^{2} / (V \times s) atpH 2$ and 8.1 $10^{- 8} m^{2} / (V \times s)$ . How long will it take a neutral solute to travel 52 cm from the injector to the detector if 27 kV is applied across the 62-cm-long capillary tube at pH 2? At pH 12?(b) An analyte anion has an electrophoretic mobility of $- 1.6 \times 10^{- 8} m^{2} / (V \times s)$ How long will it take to reach the detector at pH 2?At pH 12?

Injection in some homebuilt capillary electrophoresis instruments is performed by raising the sample vial to create a siphon. The pressure exerted by a column of water of heightiswhereis the density of water and gis the acceleration of gravity ( $9.8 m / s^{2}$ ). To what height would you need to raise the sample vial to create the necessary pressure to load the sample in 4.0 s? Is it possible to raise the inlet of this column to this height? How could you obtain the desired pressure?

Low iron concentration (as low as 0.02nM) in the open ocean limits phytoplankton growth. Preconcentration is required to determine such low concentrations. Tracefrom a large volume of seawater is concentrated onto achelating resin column. The column is then rinsed with 10mLof 1.5M high-purity water and eluted withofhigh-purity ${HNO}_{3}$ .

(a) For each sample, seawater is passed through the column for 17hours at $10 mL / \min$ . How much is the concentration of ${Fe}^{3 +}$ in the 10mLof ${NHO}_{3}$ eluate increased by this preconcentration procedure?

(b) What is the concentration of ${Fe}^{3 +}$ in the seawater when 57 nm ${Fe}^{3 +}$ is found in the nitric acid eluate?

(c) Reagent-grade concentrated nitric acid is 15.7 M and contains $\leq 0.2 ppm$ iron. What would be the apparent concentration of Fe (nM) in a seawater blank if reagent-grade acid were used to prepare the 1.5M ${HNO}_{3}$ eluent?

In the separation of proteins by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, why does eluent strength increase with decreasing salt concentration in the aqueous eluent?

Explain how neutral molecules can be separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Why is this a form of chromatography? Why are micelles called a pseudostationary phase?

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