Chapter 21: Atomic Spectroscopy

What is the purpose of a matrix-matched standard in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy?

State the advantages and disadvantages of a furnace compared with a flame in atomic absorption spectroscopy.

What is the purpose of a matrix-matched standard in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy?

(a) Explain the purpose of the dynamic reaction cell in Figure 21-30. (b) In geologic strontium isotopic analysis, there is isobaric interference between${}^{\mathbf{87}}\mathit{R}{\mathit{b}}^{\mathbf{+}}$and${}^{\mathbf{87}}\mathit{S}{\mathit{r}}^{\mathbf{+}}$ . A dynamic reaction cell with $\mathit{C}{\mathit{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}\mathit{F}$converts to but does not convert$\mathit{R}{\mathit{b}}^{\mathbf{+}}$ to$\mathit{R}\mathit{b}{\mathit{F}}^{\mathbf{+}}$ . How does this reaction eliminate interference?

Figure 21 - 10shows a temperature profile for a furnace atomic absorption experiment. Explain the purpose of each different part of the heating profile.

State the advantages and disadvantages of the inductively coupled plasma compared with a flame in atomic spectroscopy.

Explain what is meant by the Doppler effect. Rationalize why Doppler broadening increases with increasing temperature and decreasing mass in Equation 21-5.

Explain how the following background correction techniques work: (a) beam chopping: (b) deuterium lamp; (c) Zeeman.

Explain what is meant by spectral, chemical, ionization, and isobaric interference.

Bone consists of the protein collagen and the mineral hydroxyapatite, ${\mathbf{Ca}}_{\mathbf{10}}\mathbf{\left(}{\mathbf{PO}}_{\mathbf{4}}{\mathbf{)}}_{\mathbf{6}}\mathbf{\right(}\mathbf{OH}{\mathbf{)}}_{\mathbf{2}}$. The content of archaeological human skeletons measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption sheds light on customs and economic status of individuals in historical times.${}^{\mathbf{37}}$Explain why ${\mathbf{La}}^{\mathbf{3}\mathbf{+}}$is added to bone samples to suppress matrix interference in Pbanalysis.