Question

Identify the amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of the following compound. (A) Alanine (B) Glycine (C) Valine (D) Both (A) and (B)

Short answer

Unfortunately, without the given compound's structure, we cannot identify the specific amino acid obtained by hydrolysis in this case. However, the general procedure for identifying the amino acid involves hydrolyzing the compound and comparing its structure to standard structures of Alanine, Glycine, and Valine.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the given compound

Unfortunately, the question did not provide any information about the compound that you are expected to hydrolyze. However, we could still describe the general approach to identify the amino acid: When you are provided with the structure of the compound, you will have to hydrolyze it and analyze its structure to compare it with the possible amino acids presented in the options.

Hydrolyze the compound

To hydrolyze the given compound, you would break the amide bond in the peptide, adding a hydrogen atom (H) to the amine group and a hydroxide (OH) to the carboxylic acid group. The result will be the hydrolyzed amino acid in its ionized form.

Compare the hydrolyzed compound with the given options

Once you have the hydrolyzed compound, compare its structure with the standard structures of the amino acids given in the options: \( (A) \) Alanine: \(NH_3^+\)-CH(CH_3)-COO^- \( (B) \) Glycine: \(NH_3^+\)-CH2-COO^- \( (C) \) Valine: \( NH_3^+\)-CH(CH_3)-CH(CH_3)-COO^- \( (D) \) Both (A) and (B) If your hydrolyzed compound matches one or more of the structures mentioned above, then you can conclude which amino acid is present by choosing the appropriate option. To provide a proper answer, it is essential to have the structure of the compound from the exercise. However, now you know the general procedure to identify the amino acid obtained by hydrolysis.

Key concepts

Amino Acid Structure Identification

Understanding the structure of amino acids is imperative when delving into biochemistry and organic chemistry. Each amino acid has a central carbon atom, known as the \( \alpha \) carbon, to which an amino group (\( NH_2 \)), a carboxylic acid group (\( COOH \)), a hydrogen atom, and a distinctive side chain (R-group) are attached.

The side chain defines the characteristics and the identity of the amino acid. For example, if the R-group is a simple hydrogen atom, the amino acid is glycine, which is the simplest of all. Contrastingly, if the R-group is a methyl group (\( CH_3 \)), then the amino acid is alanine. Other amino acids have more complex R-groups, which can include carbon rings or multiple functional groups, influencing their behavior and interaction with other molecules.

To identify an amino acid in a given compound, you must deduce the structure of the side chain after hydrolysis. This process breaks the peptide bond and reveals the individual amino acids. By comparing the R-group of the hydrolyzed amino acid with known structures, one can accurately determine which amino acid is present. A detailed knowledge of the structures of common amino acids is thus necessary for anyone studying biochemistry or preparing for exams like the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) in organic chemistry.

Peptide Bond Hydrolysis

Peptide bonds are the links between amino acids in a protein chain. During hydrolysis, these bonds are cleaved, allowing for the identification of individual amino acids. This process is similar to breaking a string of pearls; where each pearl represents an amino acid, the string is the peptide bond.

In a laboratory, peptide bond hydrolysis can be achieved through acid hydrolysis or enzymatic methods. Acid hydrolysis is typically done using a strong acid, like hydrochloric acid, under elevated temperature and pressure conditions. This brute force method is effective but lacks specificity, potentially destroying sensitive amino acids.

Enzymatic hydrolysis, on the other hand, uses proteases that specifically target peptide bonds. This is a more gentle and selective approach, mirroring natural digestion processes. After hydrolysis, the free amino acids can then be analyzed for structure determination. For students and researchers alike, mastering peptide bond hydrolysis is integral for understanding protein structure and function.

JEE Organic Chemistry

Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) is an esteemed entrance exam in India for students aspiring to pursue engineering. Organic chemistry is one of the crucial parts of the JEE chemistry syllabus. It encompasses a broad range of topics, one of which includes the study of amino acids and proteins.

For JEE organic chemistry, a firm grasp on the reaction mechanisms, such as hydrolysis, is essential. This includes knowing how to break down complex molecules into simpler ones. Amino acids and peptide bonds form the basis of proteins, hence understanding their structure and how to separate them through hydrolysis is crucial.

Test-takers are expected to apply this knowledge to solve problems which might involve predicting products of hydrolysis reactions, or identifying amino acids from given structures after hydrolysis. A systematic approach, similar to that used in the exercise provided, is essential for tackling these questions effectively. Hence, for JEE aspirants, mastering the mechanism of hydrolysis and identifying amino acid structures post-hydrolysis is a significant step towards success in the organic chemistry section of the examination.