Question

Select the correctly matched option. (A) Neoprene (Elastomer) (C) Terylene (Fibre) (B) Polystyrene (Thermoplastic) (D) All of these

Short answer

All three options are correct, as Neoprene is an elastomer, Terylene is fibre, and Polystyrene is a thermoplastic. Therefore, the correct answer is (D) All of these.

Step-by-step solution

Understanding different types of polymers

Elastomers are rubber-like polymers that can be stretched to at least twice their original length and return to their original shape when the stress is released. Fibres are polymers with high strength and stiffness, having the ability to form filaments or threads. Thermoplastics are polymers that soften and can be easily shaped when heated and become rigid and hard upon cooling.

Identifying the correct match of each option

(A) Neoprene (Elastomer): Neoprene is an elastomer, a synthetic rubber that exhibits good resistance to heat, oil, and chemicals. Hence, this match is correct. (C) Terylene (Fibre): Terylene, alternatively known as polyethylene terephthalate or PET, is a type of polyester fibre. It is widely used in various textiles and packaging applications. Hence, this match is also correct. (B) Polystyrene (Thermoplastic): Polystyrene is a type of thermoplastic polymer, which can be molded into various shapes and products, such as plastic cutlery, packaging material, and disposable cups. This match is also correct. Since all three matches are correct, the answer is: (D) All of these

Key concepts

Elastomers

Elastomers are fascinating materials with unique properties that make them indispensable in everyday life. These polymers can stretch significantly more than their original size and are capable of returning to their original shape once the stress causing the stretch is removed.

The secret behind these impressive features lies in the polymer chains of the elastomers. These chains are lightly cross-linked, allowing them to move and extend while pulling back into place when released. Common examples of elastomers include natural rubber and synthetic rubbers such as neoprene.

• Neoprene is valued for its resistance to heat and chemicals.
• Elastomers suit various applications, from tires to diving gear.

The ability to endure wear and flexibility makes elastomers highly useful in many industries, ensuring products are both durable and effective in their functions.

Fibres

Fibres are an essential category of polymers known for their strength and flexibility. These polymers are formed into long, thread-like structures that are thin yet remarkably strong.

The key characteristic of fibres is their ability to form into continuous filaments, which can then be spun into threads or woven into fabrics. This makes them ideal for textiles and material compositions.

• Terylene, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is a popular fibre used in clothing and containers.
• Fibres have high tensile strength, making them suitable for reinforcement applications.

Fibres like terylene are also resistant to stretching and damage from moisture and chemicals, making them versatile for a wide range of products like textiles, fishing nets, and ropes.

Thermoplastics

Thermoplastics are a group of polymers prized for their convenience and versatility. They soften upon heating, allowing for easy shaping and molding, and harden when cooled.

A significant advantage of thermoplastics is their recyclability and ability to be reshaped multiple times without degrading their properties. This feature makes thermoplastics especially beneficial in manufacturing and consumer products.

• Polystyrene, a common thermoplastic, is found in disposable cutlery and packaging.
• Thermoplastics can be crystal clear or opaque, catering to different needs.

Their malleability upon heating and subsequent rigidity upon cooling open up a plethora of possibilities for creating a variety of forms and structures, essential in applications such as automotive parts, household items, and electronic components.