Question

Column-I Column-II (Reaction) (Statement) (P) One of the products used to form Novalac (Q) One of the products used to form Melamine (R) One of the products used to form Bakelite (S) One of the products used to form Dacron (T) One of the products is soluble in ay \(\mathrm{NaOH}\)

Short answer

The products used to form Novalac, Melamine, Bakelite, and Dacron are Phenol, Melamine cyanurate, Phenol, and Terephthalic acid & Ethylene glycol, respectively. Phenol is soluble in sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The matching is as follows: (P) Phenol, (Q) Melamine cyanurate, (R) Phenol, (S) Terephthalic acid & Ethylene glycol, and (T) Phenol.

Step-by-step solution

Identifying the product used to form Novalac

Novalac is a polymer derived from the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde. This polymer is widely used in the production of epoxy and phenolic resins.

Identifying the product used to form Melamine

Melamine is an organic compound synthesized from the reaction of melamine cyanurate (melamine and cyanuric acid). It is widely used in the production of plastics, adhesives, and coatings.

Identifying the product used to form Bakelite

Bakelite is a phenol-formaldehyde resin, which is formed from the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde under controlled conditions. It is an early plastic known for its electrical insulating properties and heat resistance.

Identifying the product used to form Dacron

Dacron, also known as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is a polyester synthesized from the reaction of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. It is commonly used to make textiles, films, and fibers.

Identifying the product soluble in sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Phenol, a product used in the synthesis of Novalac and Bakelite, is soluble in sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Based on the information gathered in steps 1 to 5, we can make the following matches: (P) One of the products used to form Novalac - Phenol (Q) One of the products used to form Melamine - Melamine cyanurate (R) One of the products used to form Bakelite - Phenol (S) One of the products used to form Dacron - Terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol (T) One of the products is soluble in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) - Phenol

Key concepts

Novalac synthesis

Novalac synthesis is an important process in polymer chemistry. The synthesis of novalac involves the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde. These reactions are typically catalyzed under acidic conditions to produce linear phenolic resins. Novalac resins have distinct properties that make them highly useful in various industries.

Here are some key points about novalac synthesis:

• Phenol: An aromatic compound derived from coal tar. It plays a crucial role as a starting material in novalac synthesis.
• Formaldehyde: A simple aldehyde that reacts with phenol to form the resin.
• Acidic Catalysis: Typically acid catalysts like hydrochloric acid are used to control the polymerization.

Novalac resins are primarily used as intermediates for further processing, often in the production of epoxy-based adhesives and coatings.

Bakelite formation

Bakelite formation is a classic example of early plastic production. Known for its durability and resistance to electricity and heat, Bakelite is a thermosetting polymer. It is created by the reaction between phenol and formaldehyde, similar to novalac, but under different conditions.

The main attributes of Bakelite creation include:

• Phenol: Acts as the main reactant again, providing the necessary aromatic structure.
• Formaldehyde: Engages in a condensation reaction, leading to a hard and durable polymer.
• Thermosetting Nature: Once set, Bakelite cannot be melted back, which makes it highly suitable for electrical components and insulators.

Thanks to these properties, Bakelite is used in a wide range of products, from telephones to kitchenware.

Melamine production

Melamine production involves the use of melamine cyanurate, which is a combination of melamine and cyanuric acid. This compound serves as an essential component in various industrial applications, particularly due to its fire-retardant properties.

Here's what you should know about melamine production:

• Melamine: An organic compound characterized by its rich nitrogen content, giving it a unique edge in creating strong and heat-resistant materials.
• Cyanuric Acid: Pairs with melamine to enhance its stability and fire resistance.
• Applications: Commonly used in plastics, melamine-formaldehyde resins, and laminates.

Due to its versatile nature, melamine is found in numerous household items, including countertops and dinnerware.

Dacron synthesis

Dacron synthesis, known chemically as the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is a significant process in creating materials for textiles and packaging. Synthesizing Dacron involves the reaction between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.

Key components of Dacron formation are:

• Terephthalic Acid: A carboxylic acid which reacts with ethylene glycol, forming the ester linkages.
• Ethylene Glycol: An organic compound that, when reacted with terephthalic acid, leads to the formation of long polymer chains in polyester.
• Characteristics: Known for its strength, flexibility, and resistance to wrinkles and shrinkage.

Dacron is extensively used in fabrics, making clothing more durable and versatile for daily wear and technical uses.