Question

Column-I Column-II (Polymer) (Monomer) (A) Glyptal (P) $\mathrm{Ph}-\mathrm{CH}={\mathrm{CH}}_2$ (B) Terylene (Q) $\mathrm{Ph}-\mathrm{OH}$ (C) Novalac (R) ${\mathrm{CH}}_2(\mathrm{OH}){\mathrm{CH}}_2(\mathrm{OH})$ (D) Buna-S (S) HCHO (T) 1,3 -butadiene

Short answer

The matching of polymers from Column-I with their respective monomers in Column-II is as follows: (A) Glyptal: None of the listed monomers directly relate to Glyptal. (B) Terylene: Matches with (Q), as Terylene is synthesized from ethylene glycol which is related to the phenol monomer. (C) Novalac: Matches with both (Q) and (S), as Novalac is synthesized from the phenol and formaldehyde monomers. (D) Buna-S: Matches with both (P) and (T), as Buna-S is synthesized from 1,3-butadiene and styrene monomers.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the polymers and their structures

In this step, we will gain an understanding of the given polymers and their chemical structures. (A) Glyptal: Glyptal is a polyester resin derived from the condensation polymerization of phthalic anhydride and glycerol. It is used for manufacturing paints, varnishes, and other surface coatings. (B) Terylene: Terylene, also known as Dacron or PET, is a polyester made by the condensation polymerization between ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid (or its dimethyl ester). It is used for producing fibers, films, and bottles. (C) Novalac: Novalac is a phenol-formaldehyde resin formed by the polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde. It is used for making plastics, adhesives, and coatings. (D) Buna-S: Buna-S is a synthetic rubber, also known as Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). It is made by the copolymerization of 1,3-butadiene and styrene. This polymer is used for making tires, conveyor belts, and other industrial rubber products. #Step 2: Identify the monomers#

Identify the monomers

Now we will understand the monomers provided in Column-II and their chemical structures. (P) $\mathrm{Ph}-\mathrm{CH}={\mathrm{CH}}_2$: Styrene, the monomer used for making polystyrene and for copolymerization with butadiene in Buna-S. (Q) $\mathrm{Ph}-\mathrm{OH}$: Phenol, the monomer used for making phenol-formaldehyde resin (Novalac) and other phenolic resins. (R) ${\mathrm{CH}}_2(\mathrm{OH}){\mathrm{CH}}_2(\mathrm{OH})$: Ethylene glycol, a monomer used in the synthesis of polyesters like Terylene. (S) HCHO: Formaldehyde, a monomer used for making phenol-formaldehyde resin (Novalac) and other formaldehyde-based resins. (T) 1,3 -butadiene: A monomer used for making synthetic rubbers like Buna-S and other diene-based polymers. #Step 3: Match the polymers with their corresponding monomers#

Match the polymers with their corresponding monomers

Now we will match the polymers from Column-I with their respective monomers in Column-II. (A) Glyptal: Not directly related to any listed monomers. (B) Terylene: The monomers for Terylene are ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, which is not given directly but can be related to the phenol $(\mathrm{Q})$. Therefore, (B) matches with (Q). (C) Novalac: The monomers for Novalac are phenol $(\mathrm{Q})$, and formaldehyde $(\mathrm{S})$. Here, (C) matches with both (Q) and (S). (D) Buna-S: The monomers for Buna-S are 1,3-butadiene $(\mathrm{T})$ and styrene $(\mathrm{P})$. Here, (D) matches with both (P) and (T).

Key concepts

Polymerization

Polymerization is a chemical process that converts small molecules known as monomers into larger, more complex structures known as polymers. This transformation happens through a series of chemical reactions that form new bonds between the monomers. In simpler terms, think of polymerization like stringing beads together to make a necklace; each bead is a monomer, and the whole necklace is the polymer.

There are two primary types of polymerization:

• Condensation polymerization: Small molecules, such as water, are released as byproducts during the reaction. An example of this is the formation of polyesters like Terylene, where monomers join by eliminating water or other small molecules.
• Addition polymerization: Monomers add together without the loss of any atoms. This type often involves monomers with double bonds, like in the formation of polystyrene from styrene.

The choice of polymerization type depends on the nature of the monomers and the desired properties of the final polymer. Understanding polymerization helps us design products with specific characteristics for various applications.

Synthetic Rubber

Synthetic rubber is a man-made material designed to mimic the properties of natural rubber. One of the most well-known types of synthetic rubber is Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR), which is also known as Buna-S.

SBR is produced by copolymerizing two monomers: styrene and 1,3-butadiene. This process combines the properties of both monomers to create a versatile material with excellent durability, heat resistance, and flexibility. These qualities make SBR ideal for products such as tires, seals, and conveyor belts.

• Advantages of synthetic rubber: Compared to natural rubber, synthetic variants like SBR are more resistant to abrasions, aging, and extreme temperatures. They often offer a more consistent quality and performance.
• Application areas: Beyond automotive uses, synthetic rubbers are found in shoe soles, hoses, and even electrical insulation. Their adaptability makes them crucial in industrial and consumer goods.

Synthetic rubber plays a vital role in modern society by providing alternatives to natural rubber, which can be limited by supply and environmental factors.

Phenol-formaldehyde Resin

Phenol-formaldehyde resin is one of the oldest synthetic polymers, developed through the polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde. This resin type serves as a foundational material for various applications due to its strong, rigid nature.

Novolac, a specific type of phenol-formaldehyde resin, is known for its heat resistance and ability to form strong bonds. Its uses include making molded objects, coatings, and adhesives.

• Properties: Phenol-formaldehyde resins are characterized by exceptional thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength. This makes them suitable for high-stress environments.
• Manufacturing process: These resins are typically made through a process of adding phenol to formaldehyde in the presence of an acid or a base catalyst, resulting in a thermoset polymer.

The invention of phenol-formaldehyde resins marked the beginning of the modern plastic industry. Its role in manufacturing durable goods continues to be significant even today.