Question

Choose the correct statement regarding following reaction sequence: (R) (A) \((\mathrm{P})\) and \((\mathrm{Q})\) can be distinguished by neutral \(\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}\) as well as by ceric ammonium nitrate (B) Reagent ' \(\mathrm{X}\) ' can distinguish primary amine and secondary amine (C) Both (P) and (R) are soluble in aqueous \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) (D) (P) is the monomer of Novalac and Decron

Short answer

After analyzing the given reaction sequence and evaluating statements A, B, C, and D, the correct statement is (insert the correct statement here). This statement is accurate because (insert a brief explanation of the correct statement here). For example, if statement A was correct, it would be: "The correct statement is (A) $(\mathrm{P})$ and $(\mathrm{Q})$ can be distinguished by neutral $\mathrm{FeCl}_{3}$ as well as by ceric ammonium nitrate. This statement is accurate because both molecules P and Q have phenol (or alcohol) functional groups allowing them to react differently to FeCl3 and ceric ammonium nitrate tests, and thus being distinguishable."

Step-by-step solution

Analyze the given reaction sequence

We cannot provide the reaction sequence to you as your exercise description didn't include it, but do not worry. Here, we assume that you have the reaction sequence. So, analyze the given reaction sequence in detail first. Identify product molecules P, Q, and R and note down their molecular formulas and structures.

Evaluate statement A

Analyze the properties of molecules P and Q. Determine if these molecules are distinguishable by a neutral FeCl3 test and ceric ammonium nitrate. FeCl3 reacts with phenols, forming colored complexes in the presence of phenols, while the ceric ammonium nitrate test is used for testing the presence of alcohols. If molecule P and Q have either of these functional groups, statement A might be correct.

Evaluate statement B

Reagent X should be able to differentiate primary and secondary amines if statement B is correct. Research the reagent X and determine if it can, in fact, distinguish between primary and secondary amines. Primary amines have the formula R-NH2, whereas secondary amines have the formula R-NH-R'. If reagent X reacts differently with these two types of amine groups, then statement B might be correct.

Evaluate statement C

Examine the properties of molecules P and R to determine if they are soluble in aqueous NaOH. Aqueous NaOH can dissolve acidic compounds by forming salts. Check if molecules P and R have acidic functional groups, such as carboxylic acids or phenols, that would make them soluble in aqueous NaOH.

Evaluate statement D

Statement D claims that molecule P is the monomer of Novalac and Decron. Look up the molecular structure and chemical properties of Novalac and Decron and compare them to molecule P. If molecule P has the same structure and properties as the monomer of Novalac and Decron, then statement D might be correct.

Choose the correct statement

After evaluating statements A, B, C, and D, choose the statement that is accurate regarding the given reaction sequence.

Key concepts

FeCl3 Test for Phenols

Phenols are a class of compounds critically important in organic chemistry due to their unique chemical properties. The Ferric Chloride (FeCl₃) test is a classic and straightforward laboratory method for distinguishing phenols from other organic compounds. When FeCl₃ is added to a solution containing phenol, a colored complex is formed as a result of the interaction between the iron(III) ion and the phenol. The resultant color can range from purple to green, depending on the specific phenol present.

This test hinges on the ability of the phenol's hydroxyl group to donate electrons to the iron(III) ion, thereby forming a complex. The color change is a quick visual cue that indicates the presence of a phenol.

Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Test for Alcohols

Alcohols are versatile organic compounds containing a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom. To identify alcohols, chemists use the ceric ammonium nitrate test. This test involves adding ceric ammonium nitrate solution to the substance being tested. When an alcohol is present, the solution changes color to a red-orange hue.

The test exploits the oxidation properties of ceric ammonium nitrate. When this reagent encounters an alcohol, it causes the alcohol to donate electrons, leading to the characteristic color change. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols can all be detected through this method, although the test is most sensitive to primary alcohols.

Amine Distinction Test

Amines are compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, bonded to one or more carbon atoms. They can be classified into primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, depending on the number of carbon-containing groups attached to the nitrogen. To distinguish between primary and secondary amines, various reagents can be used, such as Hinsberg's reagent or aldehyde-ketone reagents that involve Schiff's base formation.

Primary amines typically react with these reagents to form soluble products, while secondary amines may form products that are insoluble under certain conditions. The ability of primary and secondary amines to exhibit different reactivity patterns with these specific reagents allows chemists to identify the class of amine present in a sample.

Solubility in Aqueous NaOH

Understanding the solubility of organic compounds in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is essential for predicting reaction outcomes and isolating products. Compounds that are acidic, such as carboxylic acids or phenols, will react with NaOH to form water-soluble salts.

When NaOH is added to a solution containing an acidic compound, a reaction occurs leading to the deprotonation of the acidic group. As a result, a soluble salt is formed which increases the solubility of the original compound in the aqueous medium. This process is widely used to separate acidic organic compounds from non-acidic ones in a mixture, such as during extractions.

Novalac and Decron Monomers

In polymer chemistry, the terms 'Novalac' and 'Decron' refer to specific types of polymers known for their specific uses in industry. Novalac is a type of phenolic resin, which is produced by the condensation of phenol with formaldehyde. The monomers for Novalac typically include phenols and aldehydes.

Decron, commonly known as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is a polyester used for fibers, containers, and other molded materials. The monomers involved in the creation of Decron are ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. Understanding the molecular structure and properties of these monomers is crucial when investigating polymer synthesis and applications.