Question

IUPAC name of unknown compound 'Q' is (A) 3 -methylhexane-2,6-diol (B) 4 -methylhexane- 1,5 -diol (C) 4 -methyl-5-oxo hexanal (D) 3 -methyl-2-oxo hexanal

Short answer

It is not possible to identify the correct IUPAC name for the unknown compound 'Q' with the given information.

Step-by-step solution

Understand IUPAC Naming Conventions

IUPAC naming for organic compounds generally includes information about the parent chain, the functional groups, the position of substituents, and the configuration of stereocenters. In this context, we can analyze each of the given names as follows:

Compound (A): 3-methylhexane-2,6-diol

This compound structure can be determined as follows: 1. The parent chain is hexane, which has six carbon atoms in a straight chain. 2. It has a methyl substituent at the third carbon atom. 3. There are two hydroxyl (-OH) groups in the molecule, located at the second and sixth carbon atoms. The structure of this compound looks like this: CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-OH.

Compound (B): 4-methylhexane-1,5-diol

This compound structure can be determined as follows: 1. The parent chain is hexane, which has six carbon atoms in a straight chain. 2. It has a methyl substituent at the fourth carbon atom. 3. There are two hydroxyl (-OH) groups in the molecule, located at the first and fifth carbon atoms. The structure of this compound looks like this: CH3(OH)-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(OH)-CH3.

Compound (C): 4-methyl-5-oxo hexanal

This compound structure can be determined as follows: 1. The parent chain is hexanal, which has six carbon atoms in a straight chain and a terminal aldehyde group (-CHO). 2. It has a methyl substituent at the fourth carbon atom. 3. There is an oxo group (C=O) at the fifth carbon atom. The structure of this compound looks like this: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-C(=O)-CH2-CHO.

Compound (D): 3-methyl-2-oxo hexanal

This compound structure can be determined as follows: 1. The parent chain is hexanal, which has six carbon atoms in a straight chain and a terminal aldehyde group (-CHO). 2. It has a methyl substituent at the third carbon atom. 3. There is an oxo group (C=O) at the second carbon atom. The structure of this compound looks like this: CH3-CH(=O)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CHO. By understanding the structures of compounds (A), (B), (C), and (D), we can now try to figure out the correct IUPAC name of the unknown compound 'Q'. As there is no additional information about the unknown compound 'Q' given in the exercise, it's not possible to identify the correct IUPAC name.

Key concepts

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is a fascinating branch of chemistry focused on the study of molecules primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, often with the inclusion of other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. These organic compounds are the building blocks of life and include everything from DNA and proteins to plastics and pharmaceuticals.

In organic chemistry, the unique ability of carbon atoms to form long chains and complex structures underpins the diversity of organic compounds. This characteristic enables carbon to create a variety of functional groups, which significantly dictate the properties and reactivities of organic molecules. Understanding these features is essential for naming compounds correctly using IUPAC conventions. The knowledge gained from organic chemistry also leads to innovations in fields such as materials science, agriculture, and medicine. Mastering the nomenclature and concepts within organic chemistry opens the door to understanding these vast applications.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groupings of atoms within molecules that dictate how those molecules behave in chemical reactions. These groups are key to classifying and naming organic compounds. Common functional groups include:

• Hydroxyl groups (-OH), found in alcohols and phenols.
• Carbonyl groups (C=O), present in aldehydes and ketones.
• Carboxyl groups (-COOH), part of carboxylic acids.
• Amino groups (-NH2), found in amines and amino acids.

The presence and type of functional groups greatly affect the chemical and physical properties of a compound, such as solubility, acidity, and boiling point.

In IUPAC nomenclature, it is important to prioritize these groups when determining the suffix or prefix of the compound's name. For instance, the suffix '-ol' is used for alcohols with hydroxyl groups, denoting their presence and influencing how the rest of the molecule is named. Recognizing and understanding functional groups help chemists predict how a compound will react in different chemical environments, making them fundamental to the study and application of organic chemistry.

Parent Chain Identification

Identifying the parent chain is a crucial first step in naming an organic compound. The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in a molecule. This chain forms the basis for the compound's name and influences the positioning of any functional groups and substituents.

In IUPAC nomenclature, finding the longest carbon chain can sometimes be challenging due to complex branching or multiple possibilities. If multiple chains of equal length exist, the one with the greatest number of substituents or highest priority functional group is chosen as the parent chain.

Once identified, the parent chain dictates the base name of the compound (e.g., "hexane" for a six-carbon chain) and provides a systematic way to number the carbons, starting from the end closest to the highest-priority functional group. This method ensures an unambiguous and universally accepted naming system, facilitating easy communication among chemists worldwide.

Substituents Positioning

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. Properly identifying and positioning these substituents in the compound's name is essential to the IUPAC naming process.

When naming with IUPAC conventions, follow these guidelines for substituents:

• Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, beginning from the end nearest to the substituent or functional group that has the highest priority according to IUPAC rules.
• Use the numbering to give the substituents the lowest possible numbers.
• Write substituents in alphabetical order when multiple are present, disregarding prefixes like "di-" or "tri-" that indicate quantity.
• Include numbers in the name to show the exact position of each substituent on the parent chain. For example, "3-methyl" indicates a methyl group attached to the third carbon atom.

Correctly positioning substituents ensures clarity and accuracy, allowing anyone familiar with organic chemistry nomenclature to draw or identify the structure of the compound correctly.