Question

Which of the following is not an example of vic-dihalide? (A) Dichloromethane (B) 1,2 -dichloroethane (C) Ethylidene chloride (D) Allyl chloride

Short answer

The compound that is not a vic-dihalide among the given options is (D) Allyl chloride.

Step-by-step solution

Draw the structures of the given compounds

To identify if each compound is a vic-dihalide, we'll first draw their Lewis structures. (A) Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) : H-Cl-C-H | H-Cl (B) 1,2-dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2) : Cl-HC-CH-Cl | | H H (C) Ethylidene chloride (CH3CHCl2): H3C-CH-Cl | Cl (D) Allyl chloride (C3H5Cl) : H2C=CH-CH2-Cl

Examine the structures

Now that we have our structures, let's examine the number of halogens on each compound, and whether they are on adjacent carbon atoms (i.e., vic-dihalide). (A) Dichloromethane: Two chlorine atoms are bonded to the same carbon atom. This does not have adjacent carbons with halogens, so it's not a vic-dihalide. (B) 1,2-dichloroethane: Two chlorine atoms are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms. This is a vic-dihalide. (C) Ethylidene chloride: Two chlorine atoms are bonded to an adjacent carbon atom. This is a vic-dihalide. (D) Allyl chloride: One chlorine atom is bonded to a carbon atom, but there is only one halogen atom present. This is not a vic-dihalide.

Identify the answer

From our analysis, we can conclude that the compounds that are not vic-dihalides are Dichloromethane and Allyl chloride. However, as Allyl chloride (option D) is in the choices given, that is our final answer. So the correct answer is: (D) Allyl chloride

Key concepts

Understanding Organic Chemistry and Vic-Dihalides

Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds that contain carbon. These compounds range from simple molecules like methane to complex structures such as proteins and DNA. In the context of this subject, a vic-dihalide refers to a specific type of organic molecule where two halogen atoms are attached to adjacent carbon atoms within a carbon chain.

When studying organic compounds, it's crucial to understand the nomenclature and classification of different molecules. Vic-dihalides are named for the Latin word 'vicinus,' meaning 'neighboring,' and they possess unique chemical properties and reactivities due to the presence of two halogens in proximity. This can affect boiling points, densities, and the reactivity of the compounds in further chemical reactions.

Deciphering Lewis Structures with Ease

Lewis structures, also known as Lewis dot diagrams, are a graphical representation of molecules showing how atoms are bonded together and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. Each dot around an atom represents a valence electron, while lines between atoms indicate chemical bonds.

For students learning organic chemistry, mastering the drawing of Lewis structures is fundamental. It helps to visualize concepts such as bonding, molecular geometry, and electron distribution. When identifying vic-dihalides, one must be able to accurately draw the molecule and spot the adjacent positioning of halogen atoms on the structure. The better one gets at drawing Lewis structures, the easier it becomes to understand the molecules' properties and predict their behaviors in chemical reactions.

The Intricacies of Halogenation

Halogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) to an organic molecule. Halogens are highly reactive due to their electron configurations and can form stable bonds with a variety of organic molecules, leading to an extensive array of halogenated organic compounds.

In the exercise, halogenation helps us discern vic-dihalides from other halogenated compounds by looking at the specific pattern of halogen addition across the carbon chain. By understanding the principles of halogenation, students can predict the products of halogen addition to different organic molecules and the properties these new compounds will exhibit. Such knowledge is not only essential in synthetic organic chemistry but also in areas such as the development of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science.