Question

Which of the following compound contain only 2 types of carbon atom? (A) CC1(C)CC1(C)C (B) CC1CCCC12CCCC2 (C) CC1CC(C)C(C)C(C)C1C (D) CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C

Short answer

None of the given compounds contain only 2 types of carbon atoms.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the compounds based on their SMILES notation

We will use the given SMILES notations to determine the structures of each compound. Here are the structures of the given compounds: (A) CC1(C)CC1(C)C (B) CC1CCCC12CCCC2 (C) CC1CC(C)C(C)C(C)C1C (D) CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C

Draw the structures of each compound

Draw the structures of the compounds as follows: (A) ``` H H H | | | H-C-C1-C-H | | C3--C2 | H ``` (B) ``` H H H | | | H-C-C1-C-C | | C2--C-C1 ``` (C) ``` H H H | | | H-C-C1-C-C | | C4 C2 | | C3--C1 | H ``` (D) ``` H | H--C3-C--H | | H-C-C4-C--H | | | | H H H H H H ```

Analyze the carbon environments

To determine the number of unique carbon environments, consider the chemical environments around each carbon atom. Label the carbon atoms as primary (1°), secondary (2°), tertiary (3°), and quaternary (4°) depending on the number of carbon atoms attached to them. (A) ``` 1° 2° 2° | | | H-C-C1-C-H | | 3°--3° | H ``` (B) ``` 1° 2° 2° | | | H-C-C1-C-C | | 3°--2° ``` (C) ``` 1° 2° 2° | | | H-C-C1-C-C | | 4° 3° | | 3°--2° | H ``` (D) ``` H | H--3°-C--H | | H-1°-4°-1°-H | | | | H H H H H H ```

Determine the compound with 2 types of carbon atoms

Now that we have determined the unique carbon environments, we can determine which compound has only 2 types of carbon atoms. (A) Compounds has 1°, 2°, and 3° carbon atoms (B) Compounds has 1°, 2°, and 3° carbon atoms (C) Compounds has 1°, 2°, 3°, and 4° carbon atoms (D) Compounds has 1°, 3°, and 4° carbon atoms None of the given compounds contain only 2 types of carbon atoms.

Key concepts

SMILES notation

SMILES stands for Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System. It is a way to represent a molecule using a line of text. These representations are helpful in computational chemistry and allow us to quickly visualize the structure of chemical compounds.

SMILES consists of several important symbols that represent the arrangement of atoms and their connectivity. Each letter or symbol in a SMILES string stands for a specific atom, with 'C' for carbon and 'H' often implicit. For example, "CC" indicates two carbon atoms connected by a single bond. Parentheses are used to indicate branching, and numbers show ring closure.

This notational system is beneficial for quickly understanding the basic framework of molecules without drawing them. By examining the SMILES notation, chemists can predict various chemical and physical properties of the molecule, which is particularly useful in drug design and chemical informatics.

Carbon environments

Carbon environments refer to the distinct settings or surroundings each carbon atom in a molecule finds itself in. These can help us understand the molecule's behavior and reactivity.

Each carbon atom's environment is defined by the number and types of atoms attached to it. When two carbon atoms are bonded with the same arrangement of atoms and bonds, they are said to be in the same environment. This knowledge is crucial when we study spectroscopy or want to predict the reaction outcomes.

By analyzing the carbon environments, chemists can identify symmetry, multiple bond configurations, and branching, all of which contribute to a molecule's characteristics. This aspect is fundamental in understanding complex organic compounds and helps in distinguishing isomers, which are compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangements.

Chemical environments

Chemical environments encompass the broader context in which atoms exist within a molecule. For carbons, these environments vary based on their bonds and neighboring atoms.

This concept goes beyond just the carbons and includes the presence of other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, or halogens. These elements influence the chemical properties of a molecule profoundly. Understanding chemical environments helps predict how molecules will react with others and their stability under various conditions.

Through techniques like NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy, scientists can determine the chemical environment of atoms within a molecule. This understanding aids in identifying molecular structure, which is crucial for synthesis and application in real-world situations, such as pharmaceuticals development and material science.

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbon

In organic chemistry, carbon atoms are classified based on the number of carbon atoms they are bonded to. This classification helps chemists understand the reactivity and stability of different carbon types.

• Primary carbon (1°): A carbon atom bonded to only one other carbon atom. This type is usually the least hindered and more reactive to certain types of chemical attacks.
• Secondary carbon (2°): A carbon atom that is connected to two other carbon atoms. Secondary carbons often appear in complex structures and show moderate reactivity.
• Tertiary carbon (3°): This carbon is bonded to three other carbon atoms. Tertiary carbons are often quite stable and found at the center of branching.
• Quaternary carbon (4°): A single carbon atom bonded to four other carbon atoms, which makes it the most hindered and typically the least reactive.

This classification is vital in predicting the behavior of molecule in reactions, analyzing stability, and understanding catalysis in organic synthesis. It also aids in the interpretation of chemical reaction mechanisms in various organic reactions.