Question

Circle the functional group and also find out the degree of unsaturation. Column-I Column-II (Compound) (Properties) (A) C=CCCC(=O)CC1C=CCCC1 (P) Odd number of D.B.E (B) (Q) Even number of \(1^{\circ}\) carbon (C) (R) Odd number of different functional group (D) (S) Even number of D.B.E (T) Odd number of \(1^{\circ}\) carbon

Short answer

Compound A contains a carbonyl (C=O) functional group, has a degree of unsaturation of 5 (an odd number), and has five primary carbons (an odd number). It matches with properties (P) and (T) in column II. To analyze other compounds, their respective SMILES strings are needed.

Step-by-step solution

Convert the SMILES strings into molecular structures

First, we need to convert the SMILES strings into molecular structures to better visualize the compounds. Compound A: SMILES: C=CCCC(=O)CC1C=CCCC1 Molecular structure: O || -C-CCCC(=O)CC1C=CCCC1 The functional group present in compound A is a carbonyl group (C=O).

Calculate the Degree of Unsaturation (DBE) for Compound A

Degree of Unsaturation (DBE) Formula: \(DBE = C - H/2 + N/2 + 1\) Where: C = Number of carbons H = Number of hydrogens N = Number of nitrogens We will start by counting the number of carbons, hydrogens, and nitrogens in Compound A: C = 13 H = 18 N = 0 Now, let's plug these values into the DBE formula: \(DBE = 13 - 18/2 + 0/2 + 1\) \(DBE = 13 - 9 + 0 + 1\) \(DBE = 5\) Compound A has a degree of unsaturation of 5, which is an odd number. Therefore, it matches with property (P) in column-II.

Identify the primary carbons in Compound A

Now we will count the number of primary carbons (carbon atom bonded to only one other carbon atom) in Compound A: There are five primary carbons in Compound A. Compound A has an odd number of primary carbons, which matches with property (T) in column-II.

Identify the functional groups and DBEs in columns B, C, and D

NOTE: This step is not possible as the SMILES strings for compounds B, C, and D are not provided in the exercise. If the SMILES strings were provided, we could follow the same steps explained for Compound A to find their functional groups, calculate their degrees of unsaturation, and match with their respective properties in column II. In conclusion, we have analyzed Compound A and found that it contains a carbonyl (C=O) functional group, with a degree of unsaturation of 5 (an odd number), and it has five primary carbons (an odd number). It matches with properties (P) and (T) in column-II. Proper analysis of the remaining compounds would require their respective SMILES strings.

Key concepts

Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

Understanding functional groups is crucial when studying organic chemistry, as they dictate the physical and chemical properties of molecules. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms within a molecule that has a characteristic chemical behavior. Every organic molecule is made up of a hydrocarbon backbone, but it's the functional groups that are attached to this backbone that determine how the molecule will react.

For example, in Compound A from the exercise, the carbonyl group (C=O) is the functional group. It is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. Carbonyl groups can be found in various subgroups such as aldehydes, ketones, acids, and esters, each possessing distinct reactivity. This compound appears to have a ketone since the carbonyl group is situated within the carbon chain, not at the end as in aldehydes.

Other common functional groups include hydroxyl groups (-OH) in alcohols, carboxyl groups (-COOH) in acids, and amino groups (-NH2) in amines. Identifying these groups in a compound helps predict the compound's properties and behaviors in chemical reactions.

SMILES Notation

The Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) is a notation that allows a user to represent a chemical structure in a way that can be easily entered and read by a computer. It is a string of characters where each symbol and connectivity corresponds to atoms and bonds within a molecule.

In the exercise, Compound A is given in SMILES notation as C=CCCC(=O)CC1C=CCCC1. To interpret this, one must understand that single bonds are understood implicitly, double bonds are indicated by '=', and ring structures are shown by matching numbers at the beginning and end of the ring. For example, 'C=O' denotes a carbonyl group, and 'C1...C1' indicates the start and end of a ring.

The benefit of SMILES is its simplicity and versatility, which allows chemists to easily share and model complex molecular structures digitally. However, accurately translating SMILES into a 2D molecular structure requires a strong foundation in organic chemistry and an understanding of the rules of SMILES notation.

Primary Carbons

In organic chemistry, carbon atoms within a molecule are classified based on the number of other carbon atoms to which they are bonded. A primary carbon (1° carbon) is a carbon atom bonded to only one other carbon atom. This information provides insights into the reactivity and stability of a molecule.

In Compound A from the exercise, identifying primary carbons is crucial for determining certain properties of the molecule, like the number of 1° carbons or the complexity of branching. There are five primary carbons in Compound A, which can influence the molecule's reactivity, particularly in substitution and elimination reactions. Primary carbons typically undergo different chemical reactions than secondary (2°), tertiary (3°), or quaternary (4°) carbons, which are bonded to two, three, or four other carbons, respectively.

This concept is essential when predicting the outcomes of organic reactions or in the synthesis of new compounds, as the position of a functional group relative to primary, secondary, or tertiary carbons can affect the reaction pathway and the final product.