Question

The compound which will give white precipitate with aq. \(\mathrm{AgNO}_{3}\) is

Short answer

The compound which will give a white precipitate with aqueous AgNO3 is sodium chloride (NaCl), as it forms the white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl) when reacted with AgNO3.

Step-by-step solution

Write the general reaction for silver nitrate with halide ions

The general reaction of silver nitrate with a halide ion can be represented as: \( AgNO_3 + X^- \rightarrow AgX(s) + NO_3^- \) where X^- represents the halide ion (Cl^-, Br^-, or I^-), AgX(s) is the insoluble silver halide precipitate, and NO3^- is the nitrate ion.

Check for compounds containing halide ions

Now, we need to examine the given compound for the presence of halide ions. Due to the lack of information on the compound, let's consider a general case and provide examples of common compounds that could give a white precipitate with AgNO3.

Identify common compounds containing halide ions

Some common compounds that contain halide ions are: 1. Sodium chloride (NaCl) - contains Cl^- 2. Sodium bromide (NaBr) - contains Br^- 3. Sodium iodide (NaI) - contains I^-

Write the reaction of the compound with AgNO3

For each of the compounds mentioned above, we can write the corresponding precipitation reaction with AgNO3: 1. \( AgNO_3 + NaCl \rightarrow AgCl(s) + NaNO_3 \) - AgCl is a white precipitate 2. \( AgNO_3 + NaBr \rightarrow AgBr(s) + NaNO_3 \) - AgBr is a pale yellow precipitate 3. \( AgNO_3 + NaI \rightarrow AgI(s) + NaNO_3 \) - AgI is a yellow precipitate We can see that the compound which gives a white precipitate with aqueous AgNO3 is sodium chloride (NaCl), as its corresponding silver halide (AgCl) is white.

Key concepts

Precipitation Reactions

In chemistry, a precipitation reaction occurs when two soluble substances react to form an insoluble solid called a precipitate. This type of reaction is commonly observed in aqueous solutions. When two ionic compounds are mixed, their ions can recombine to form a new compound. If this new compound is insoluble in water, it will precipitate out of the solution as a solid. An example of such reaction is between silver nitrate (AgNO3) and halide ions (Cl^-, Br^-, I^-). These reactions result in the formation of an insoluble silver halide precipitate, demonstrating a classic precipitation reaction.

This phenomenon is a useful tool in qualitative analysis for identifying certain ions in a solution. By adding a reagent that will form a precipitate with a specific ion, chemists can detect its presence.

• The reaction typically occurs when the product of ionic concentrations exceeds the solubility product constant.
• Precipitation reactions are used in various applications like water treatment and in synthesis to isolate specific products.

Halide Ions

Halide ions are a group of anions derived from halogen elements. They are known as halides and include the ions chloride (Cl^-), bromide (Br^-), and iodide (I^-). These ions are commonly found in salts formed when halogens react with metals. Halide ions are highly reactive and play an essential role in various chemical reactions, particularly in forming insoluble compounds with silver ions, as we see in silver nitrate reactions.

Halide ions are also crucial in organic and inorganic chemistry processes:

• They are involved in nucleophilic substitution reactions in organic chemistry.
• They help in forming ionic compounds, where they pair with metal cations.

In aqueous solutions, halide ions can be easily detected through precipitation reactions with silver nitrate, leading to various colored precipitates like white for AgCl, pale yellow for AgBr, and yellow for AgI.

Silver Halides

Silver halides are the result of precipitation reactions between silver ions and halide ions. When silver nitrate is combined with halide salts, the silver halide forms as a precipitate due to its low solubility in water. Each silver halide has distinct properties, which makes them useful in specific applications.

The products are visually identifiable because each halide forms a precipitate with a different color:

• Silver chloride (AgCl) - produces a white precipitate.
• Silver bromide (AgBr) - results in a pale yellow precipitate.
• Silver iodide (AgI) - yields a yellow precipitate.

Silver halides are essential in photographic processes, where light exposure changes their chemical structure, capturing images. This was the basis for traditional film photography before the digital era. Understanding their formation and properties is crucial for both educational and practical chemistry contexts.

Organic Chemistry Problems

In the realm of organic chemistry, understanding how different chemicals interact is vital. Problems often involve using concepts like halide ions and precipitation reactions. A common issue is identifying the presence of particular ions or compounds within a solution. By leveraging precipitation reactions, specifically silver halide formations, chemists can determine the identity of unknown substances.

Organic chemistry problems might include:

• Understanding reaction mechanisms involving halides.
• Predicting the outcome of molecular interactions leading to precipitates.
• Solving problems related to solubility and formation of ionic compounds.

This approach aids in both educational exercises and real-world chemical analysis, making the study of precipitation reactions and related concepts indispensable for students and professionals alike.