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Chapter 30: Q. 29.10 (page 792)

How are analytes usually recovered after an SFE?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The analytes are recovered with the help of adsorption and elevated temperature and pressure in SFE.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given information

Discuss the recovery process of analytes after an SFE.

02

Step 2. Explanation

The supercritical fluid in the supercritical fluid extraction process is used to separate the components from each other from the given mixture.

In the recovery process of analytes, the below steps are followed:

With silica particles, the analytes are adsorbed.
There may be chances of using other adsorbent materials for the adsorption process of analytes.
High temperature and pressure applied to analytes can cause its separation from the gaseous forms.

Therefore, adsorbent materials and high temperature and pressure can recover analytes after an SFE.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

List the advantages and any disadvantages of SFE compared to liquid-liquid extractions.

What is the principle of separation by CZE?

For supercritical carbon dioxide, predict the effect that the following changes will have on the elution time in an SFC experiment:

(a) Increasing the flow rate (at constant temperature and pressure)

(b) Increasing the pressure (at constant temperature and flow rate)

(c) Increasing the temperature (at constant pressure and flow rate)

Doxorubicin ( $D O X$ ) is a widely used anthracycline that has been effective in treatments of leukemia and breast cancer in humans (A. B. Anderson, C. M. Ciriaks, K. M. Fuller, and E. A. Ariaga, Anal. Chem., $2003, 75, 8, D O I : 10.1021 / a c 020426 r)$ . Unfortunately, side effects, such as liver toxicity and drug resistance, have been reported. In a recent study, Anderson et al. used laser-induced fluorescence ( $L I F$ ) as a detection mode for $C E$ to investigate metabolites of $D O X$ in single cells and subcellular fractions. The following are results similar to those obtained by Anderson et al. for quantifying doxorubicin by $L I F$ . The $C E$ peak areas were measured as a function of the $D O X$ concentration to construct a calibration curve.

( $a$ ) Find the equation for the calibration curve and the standard deviations of the slope and intercept. Find the $R^{2}$ value.

( $b$ ) Rearrange the equation found in part ( $a$ ) to express concentration in terms of the measured area. ( $c$ ) The limit of detection ( $L O D$ ) for $D O X$ was found to be $3 \times 10^{- 11} M$ . If the injection volume was $100 p L$ , what was the $L O D$ in moles?

( $d$ ) Two samples of unknown $D O X$ concentration were injected and peak areas of $11.3$ and $6.97$ obtained. What were the concentrations and their standard deviations?

( $e$ ) Under certain conditions, the $D O X$ peak required $300 s$ to reach the $L I F$ detector. What time would be required if the applied voltage were doubled? What time would be required if the capillary length were doubled at the same applied voltage?

( $f$ ) The capillary used in part ( $e$ ) under normal conditions had a plate count of $100000$ . What would $N$ be if the capillary length were doubled at the same applied voltage? What would $N$ be if the applied voltage were doubled at the original capillary length?

( $g$ ) For a $40.6 - c m$ -long capillary of inside diameter $50 µ m$ , what would the plate height be for a capillary with $N = 100, 000$ ?

( $h$ ) For the same capillary as in part ( $g$ ), what is the variance $σ^{2}$ of a typical peak?

Three large proteins are ionized at the pH at which an electrical FFF separation is carried out. If the ions are designated $A^{2 +}, B^{+},$ and $C^{3 +}$ , predict the order of elution.

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