Chapter 11: Q. 11.10 (page 272)
Why is an internal standard often used in quantitative analysis by ICPMS?
An internal standard is used to correct for these mistakes when producing calibration curves for ICPMS.
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What is a distance-of-flight mass spectrometer and how does it differ from a TOF instrument?
Describe how glow-discharge mass spectrometry is carried out. What are the advantages of this technique?
What are the ordinate and the abscissa of an ordinary atomic mass spectrum?
Lezius has described a B-TOF mass spectrometer, presented the theoretical background for the instrument, and provided early experimental results.
(a) What is a B-TOF mass spectrometer?
(b) Explain how the instrument works.
(c) For what types of experiments is the instrument useful?
(d) Define the term start-up energy.
(e) The deflection velocity of an ion in the flight tube is given by
where , and and have their usual significance, and , shown in Figure 1 of the paper, is the width of the magnetic field region. The deflection velocity is the component of the velocity perpendicular to the initial flight path of the ion. Derive this expression. What is curious about the deflection velocity?
(f) Show that the deflection of the ion perpendicular to the initial flight path of the ion is given by
where is the distance traveled by an ion in its initial direction along the axis of the spectrometer after it leaves the magnetic field region, and is the velocity of the ion along the deflected path. Why are the distances and important in the B-TOF experiment?
(g) The TOF of an ion to traverse the distance from its exit from the magnetic field is given by
What is ? There is an error in equation of the paper. Find and explain the error.
(h) Using the conservation of energy, derive the expression in (g).
(i) For small deflection angles, . What are the consequences of this condition for ions of the same charge and mass?
(j) Look up some typical values for , , and , and use Excel to calculate typical values for for a realistic range of values for . Produce a plot of versus .
What is laser ablation and how can it be used to sample solids for ICPMS?
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